INTRODUCTION Fluoroscopy-guided intervention during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) has become the order of the day. During this procedure, both the patient and the physician are exposed to some radiation. Measurement of radiation doses in patients and personnel are important. Patient radiation doses are used for comparison with other centers for achieving the best possible radiation practi...

Through various researches and investigations it has been established that high doses of ionizing radiation are harmful to health. There is substantial controversy regarding the effects of low doses of ionizing radiation despite the large amount of work carried out (both laboratory and epidemiological). According to the linear no-threshold (LNT) hypothesis, any amount, however small, of radiati...

Natural radiation sources contribute much the largest part of the radiation exposure of the average person. This paper examines doses from natural radiation to the red bone marrow, the tissue in which leukaemia is considered to originate, with particular emphasis on doses to children. The most significant contributions are from x-rays and gamma rays, radionuclides in food and inhalation of isot...

Growth arrest DNA damage-inducible 45a gene (Gadd45a) and immediate early response gene 5 (Ier5) have been emphasised as ideal radiation biomarkers in several reports. However, some aspects of radiation-induced transcriptional alterations of these genes are unknown. In this study, gender-dependency and dose-dependency as two factors that may affect radiation-induced transcription of Gadd45a and...

The report's focus is low-dose, low-LET — "linear energy transfer" — ionizing radiation that is energetic enough to break biomolecular bonds. In living organisms, such radiation can cause DNA damage that eventually leads to cancers. However, more research is needed to determine whether low doses of radiation may also cause other health problems, such as heart disease and stroke, which are now s...

Interventional procedures, cine acquisitions and operation of fluoroscopic equipment in high-dose fluoroscopic modes, involve long fluoroscopic times which can lead to high staff doses. Also, Coronary angiography (CA) procedures require the cardiologist and assisting personnel to remain close to the patient, which is the main source of scattered radiation. Thus, radiation exposure is a signific...

An assessment of the external and internal radiation exposure levels, which includes calculation of effective doses from chronic radiation exposure and assessment of long-term radiation-related health risks, has become mandatory for residents living near the nuclear power plant in Fukushima, Japan. Data for all primary and secondary children in Minamisoma who participated in both external and i...

Background: Sentinel node biopsy (SLNB) is the standard of care for breast cancer treatment and it is getting wide acceptance in Iran. The radiation safety of the procedure has been investigated under controlled conditions, but the standard dose of radiotracer and techniques are not always observed in the community setting. The aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of the absor...