Carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) has progressed rapidly in technological delivery, indications, and efficacy. Owing to a focused dose distribution in addition to high linear energy transfer and subsequently high relative biological effect, CIRT is uniquely able to target otherwise untreatable hypoxic and radioresistant disease while opening the door for substantially hypofractionated treatment of...

Background: An estimated 37,340 new cases of thyroid cancer will be diagnosed in 2008. As high as Women will count for 75% of these new cases and over 50% of deaths from thyroid cancer. Although thyroid cancer has an excellent prognosis, an important subset is difficult to treat and radioresistant. Angiogenesis is critical for tumor growth. VEGF and IL8 are proangiogenic factors. S1P is a bioac...

The incorporation of P32 into deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by Ehrlich ascites tumor cells has been found to be considerably more radioresistant when carried out in vitro than in vivo (6). To study the nature of the in vitro incorporation and explore possible reasons for its radioresistance, we have in vestigated the incorporation of P32 and various C'Mabeled precursors into the nucleic acids of ...

We have described a model system in which helper T cells are required to mount a primary antiviral cytolytic T lymphocyte response. The radioresistant helper cell can be found in the spleens of mice that have been immunized subcutaneously with influenza viruses 6-8 d previously. These helper cells appear to be type specific but cross-reactive among the subtypes of influenza A viruses. The pheno...

Proinsulin is a key Ag in type 1 diabetes, but the mechanisms regulating proinsulin immune tolerance are unknown. We have shown that preproinsulin-2 gene-deficient mice (proins-2(-/-)) are intolerant to proinsulin-2. In this study, we analyzed the mechanisms underlying T cell-mediated tolerance to proinsulin-2 in 129/Sv nonautoimmune mice. The expression of one proinsulin-2 allele, whatever its...

Background: An estimated 37,340 new cases of thyroid cancer will be diagnosed in 2008. As high as Women will count for 75% of these new cases and over 50% of deaths from thyroid cancer. Although thyroid cancer has an excellent prognosis, an important subset is difficult to treat and radioresistant. Angiogenesis is critical for tumor growth. VEGF and IL8 are proangiogenic factors. S1P is a bioac...