Abstract MOS Current-Mode Logic (MCML) is usually used for high-speed applications. However, almost all MCML circuits are realized with dual-rail scheme. The dual-rail logic circuits increase extra area overhead and the complexity of the layout place and route. Moreover, little standard cells of the dualrail logic circuits have been developed for place-and-route tools, such as Cadence Encounter...

The leakage resistance of rail to earth is an important parameter of electrified railways, and it directly affects the characteristics of traction return current and railway signal track circuit. High speed railways mainly adopt the ballastless track in China, whose rail leakage resistance is very different compared to the resistance in the ordinary railway ballast track condition, usually has ...

In scientific work, to determine the defects of rail strings, results experimental research and calculations depth penetration an electromagnetic wave into cavity a string, transient processes in solenoid demagnetizing device with direct alternating currents various shapes are presenting. It has been established that use impulse influences will be optimal for demagnetization, since large number...

The effect of the discontinuity of the rail ends and the presence of lower modulus insulation material at the gap to the variations of stresses in the insulated rail joint (IRJ) is presented. A three-dimensional wheel – rail contact model in the finite element framework is used for the analysis. It is shown that the maximum stress occurs in the subsurface of the railhead when the wheel contact ...

An ultra low-power high-speed rail-to-rail buffer amplifier with improved current summing circuit is proposed for LCD source drivers. By placing two complementary differential pairs in parallel, it is possible to obtain a rail-to-rail input stage. Then, a current summing circuit with two embedded comparators is proposed. With the proposed current summing circuit, the output stages will be turne...

A failure analysis investigation was performed on a fractured heavy duty truck frame rail obtained during endurance track testing. The fracture observed was on the frame web within the torque rod connection to the rear drive axle of the vehicle. This section of frame experiences multi-axial loading conditions including out-of-plane bending, twisting and shear under road loads. Metallographic ex...

The wheel-rail interface is regarded as the most important factor for dynamic behaviour of a railway vehicle, affecting safety service, passenger comfort, and life wheelset asset. degradation wheels in contact with rail visibly manifest on their treads form defects such indentations, flats, cavities, etc. To guarantee reliable service maximise availability rolling-stock assets, these need to be...

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of grab rail position, orientation, and number of hands used on the kinetics of assisted sit-to-stand transfers. Participants were 12 able-bodied older adults between the ages of 69 and 88 years. While each one performed the sit-to-stand transfer, a motion analysis system with 9 cameras recording at 60 Hz tracked the 3-D trajectories of retrorefl...

Resorbable polymeric implants and surface coatings are an emerging technology to treat bone defects and increase bone formation. This approach is of special interest in anatomical regions like the calvaria since adults lose the capacity to heal large calvarial defects. The present study assesses the potential of extracellular matrix inspired, embroidered polycaprolactone-co-lactide (PCL) scaffo...