Nowadays deep excavations are needed for construction of foundation of high rise buildings, providing space for parking and etc. In some cases deep excavations may be constructed in the vicinity of the subway tunnels and causes unpredicted extra displacements and internal forces in tunnel lining of tunnels which were not designed for them and consequently affect serviceability of tunnel. Theref...

This paper examines the historical impact of railroads on the American economy. Expansion of the railroad network and decreased trade costs may affect all counties directly or indirectly, an econometric challenge in many empirical settings. However, the total impact on each county can be summarized by changes in that county’s “market access,” a reduced-form expression derived from general equil...

the effect of underground cavities in site seismic response was studied over the subway tunnels that are under construction in the city of karaj, using ambient noise measurements as well as numerical modeling. the idea for this research comes from the observation of differences in experimental site transfer function, calculated on more than 100 locations of the city, for the areas near the unde...

We developed a new semi-analytical source zone depletion model (SZDM) for multicomponent light nonaqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs) and incorporated this into an existing screening model for estimating cleanup times for chemical spills from railroad tank cars that previously considered only single-component LNAPLs. Results from the SZDM compare favorably to those from a three-dimensional numerical...

Semantic query optimization can dramatically speed up database query answering by knowledge intensive reformulation. But the problem of how to learn the required semantic rules has not been previously solved. This chapter presents a learning approach to solving this problem. In our approach, the learning is triggered by user queries. Then the system uses an inductive learning algorithm to gener...

As World population is exponentially increasing big cities face traffic and safety challenges related to railroad and rapid ground transportation projects. For this reason, to avoid collisions and allow a better communication between train, central control headquarters, and passengers new technologies are being developed by means of very sophisticated technologies. This project, being focused i...

The broadband wireless access is emerging as a promising technology to meet the ever-increasing demand of M-commerce on the train. The traditional railroad communication system (RCS) is not only in charge of the traditional train scheduling, but also offers broadband WLAN services to passengers and provides the network platform to the intelligent railroad information system. This imposes a majo...

The lining structure of Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) excavated tunnels is composed of series of precast Reinforced Concrete (RC) pieces which are called segment. At the present paper, a novel method is introduced for seismic retrofitting of segmental tunnels located at active fault zones in rock environment with case study of Amirkabir dam to Tehran water transfer tunnel (Karadj tunnel). The mai...

The current guidance provided for alignment studies stems largely from Wellington’s “Economic Theory of The Location of Railways” which discusses the problem of minimizing grades and curves on a transcontinental scale. However, modern engineers often find themselves working on a less grand scale with shorter projects such as industrial spur build-ins and urban by-passes, and needing to consider...