Substitution rates at the three codon positions (r1, r2, and r3) of mammalian mitochondrial genes are in the order of r3 > r1 > r2, and the rate heterogeneity at the three positions, as measured by the shape parameter of the gamma distribution (alpha 1, alpha 2, and alpha 3), is in the order of alpha 3 > alpha 1 > alpha 2. The causes for the rate heterogeneity at the three codon positions remai...

The genomic organization of the human protocadherin alpha, beta, and gamma gene clusters (designated Pcdh alpha [gene symbol PCDHA], Pcdh beta [PCDHB], and Pcdh gamma [PCDHG]) is remarkably similar to that of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes. The extracellular and transmembrane domains of each protocadherin protein are encoded by an unusually large "variable" region exon, while the intr...

Codon usage bias and relative abundances of tRNA isoacceptors were analysed in the obligate intracellular symbiotic bacterium, Buchnera aphidicola from the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum, using a dedicated 35mer oligonucleotide microarray. Buchnera is archetypal of organisms living with minimal metabolic requirements and presents a reduced genome with high-evolutionary rate. Codonusage in Buchnera h...

Mutatins of the p53 tumor suppressor gene are rare in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients who reside in high-risk areas, such as Southeastern China. Among this high-risk group, a pre-existing infection with the EBV and consumption of Cantonese salted fish are closely associated with NPC. We investigated the prevalence of p53 mutations in 28 primary NPC specimens from white (including Hispan...

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is legume crop of worldwide importance and due to optimal content proteins other essential compounds it has a potential as functional food. Genetic diversity studies are significant from the point obtaining information important for breeding process. The goal present work was analyze genetic among 34 genotypes common different countries using 5 SCoT (Start Co...

Abstract Background Listeria monocytogenes is a widespread foodborne pathogen that causes listeriosis, human infection with low morbidity but high mortality. Internalin A (InlA), L. virulence factor, has key role in the invasion of intestinal epithelium through interaction E-cadherin receptor. Truncated InlA caused by premature stop-codons (PMSC) have been correlated attenuated virulence. To da...

MOTIVATION A modified Sherman statistic can be used to test whether the differences between two aligned sequences are distributed at random along the sequences, or whether they are clustered, which suggests anomalies of evolution such as partial gene recombination or functional constraints. The presence of evenly spaced constant sites (such as constancy at the second codon position in genes cod...

ABSTRACTTuberculosis is an infectious disease which occurs widely in the world and becomes one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide. Mutations of the RpoB gene cause the resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to rifampicin that contributes to the occurrence of MDR-TB. This study aimed to determine the pattern of rpoB gene polymorphisms in the MDR M. tuberculosis in Semarang, Indonesia. Mos...

This paper proposes a method that tests for the existence of low-value spatial clustering while accounting for the influence of high-value clustering. Although the method was developed in reference to the Tango test, it can be extended to other testing methods. The simulation results showed that the proposed method is able to effectively detect low-value clustering with substantially lower rate...