This paper experimentally investigates how monetary incentives and emotions influence behavior in a two-player power-to-take game (PTTG). In this game, one player can claim any part of the other's endowment (take rate), and the second player can respond by destroying any part of his or her own endowment. The experiment is run in China. We further compare our findings with the behavior of two Eu...

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Habitat destruction, often caused by anthropogenic disturbance, can lead to the extinction of species at an unprecedented rate. It is important, therefore, to consider habitat destruction when assessing population viability. Another factor often ignored in population viability analysis, is the Allee effect that adds to the risk of populations already on the verge of extinction. Understanding th...

In this study, exergy analysis of a novel desalination system is presented and discussed. The water desalination is carried out using combined humidification-dehumidification and reverse osmosis technologies. Six system performance parameters are examined: overall exergetic efficiency, equivalent electricity consumption, specific exergy destruction, specific exergy lost, and total true specific...

Background: Today, unfortunately, we are witnessing the expansion of competition in the world over the acquisition of weapons of mass destruction. Weapons of mass destruction are a set of weapons whose use causes widespread destruction and destruction of the environment and large-scale killing and massive human casualties, leaving no distinction between military and civilian and leaving irrepar...

A big power is facing a small power that may have developed weapons of mass destruction. The small power can create strategic ambiguity by refusing arms inspections. We study the impact of strategic ambiguity on arms proliferation and welfare. Strategic ambiguity is a substitute for actually acquiring weapons: ambiguity reduces the incentive for the small power to invest in weapons, which reduc...

BACKGROUND (1) Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)—chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear agents (CBRN)—in the possession of hostile states or terrorists represent one of the greatest security challenges facing the United States. An attack utilizing WMD potentially could cause mass casualties, compromise critical infrastructure, adversely affect our economy, and inflict social and psycho...

The variety of weapons of mass destruction are intended to create the maximum possible fear, death, destruction, and general terror in the target region or nation, particularly with new and creative ways of using them. An understanding of how these weapons work, the ways they may be used, and the scope of their destruction can contribute to effectively combating their effects. This article exam...

Given a theory T̃ of a polynomially bounded expansion R̃ of R̄ with the field of exponents Q, we introduce a theory T whose models are comprised of a dense pair of models of T̃ and a discrete multiplicative group. We will then prove that T is complete and admits quantifier elimination when predicates are added for certain existential formulas. In particular if T̃ = RCF then T axiomatises 〈R̄,Ralg, 2Z...

Outsourcing relationship quality (ORQ) has shown to be an important construct in previous research on outsourcing effectiveness. But, while there are various works that have conceptualized and operationalized ORQ as a rich and multi-dimensional construct, other studies which consider ORQ as (usually mediating) component of their theoretical models make hardly use of those works but often use le...