We propose a simple model of expectation formation with three distinct deviations from fully rational expectations. In particular, forecasters’ expectations are sticky, extrapolate the most recent news about current period, and depend on lagged consensus forecast period being forecast. find that all biases present in Survey Professional Forecasters as well Livingston Survey, their magnitudes fo...

The hypothesis of a Hierarchy of the Sciences, first formulated in the 19(th) century, predicts that, moving from simple and general phenomena (e.g. particle dynamics) to complex and particular (e.g. human behaviour), researchers lose ability to reach theoretical and methodological consensus. This hypothesis places each field of research along a continuum of complexity and "softness", with prof...

Modern societies are increasingly becoming multinational and multi-religious. In such a situation, reaching public consensus in modern is critical for understanding the further development of state society, particular, Kazakhstan. The research aimed at identifying interpreting approaches to idea social Western Eastern traditional philosophical paradigms, represented by some most influential phi...

Behavioural economics has taught us that human agents don't always display consistent, context-independent and stable preferences in their choice behaviour. Can we nevertheless do welfare a way lives up to the anti-paternalist ideal most economists subscribe to? I here discuss Sugden's powerful critique of previous attempts at doing so, which he dubs ‘New Consensus’, as appealing problematic no...

This paper aims to explore the role of questions in communication in a group of cooperative rational agents. Using epistemic representation of questions proposed in [6] we employ the framework of public announcement logic to explore the flow of information in the process of asking and replying questions in a group. We show that some of the erotetic notions we introduce nicely correspond to the ...

We show through a number of examples how it is possible to express beliefs of agents and communication among agents by employing a rst-order logic language with metalogical facilities. We argue that (i) such a language is suitable to characterise rational agents in diierent application areas, and (ii) the interplay between metalogical reasoning and diierent modalities of communications allows u...

AIMS To measure the total consultant medical microbiologist (CMM) weekly workload, to identify time spent on different activities, and to differentiate those tasks that were viewed by a consensus of consultants as core activities from those that could be accorded a lower priority. METHODS A self administered questionnaire completed by consultant medical microbiologists in the Public Health La...

creativity or uncreativity of the rational soul is one of the oldest problem of philosophy. ibn sina by giving some proofs has proven the creativity of the rational soul. fakhr ad-din ar razi has propsed several critics to each of the avecina’s argument. in this article, we are going to prove that, the origin of razi’s critics is his misunderstanding in ibn sina’s philosophical views in potenti...