Moderately dense woodland (cerradão) grew in two isolated patches of bushy savanna (cerrado) in central São Paulo over 23 years of bird censuses. Various uncommon birds were lost and some forest species were permanently gained. Fall and winter fruits attract long and short-distance migrants. Woodpeckers and some birds that nest in their holes seem to disappear during tree growth. Some birds in ...

Sugarcane is a crop valued mainly for the high sucrose content in its cane stalks. Since sucrose is the most essential part of commercial cane sugar (CCS), it automatically becomes the top priority for farmers, and consequently, for breeders and agronomists as well. In the mature internodes, sucrose content can reach around 25% of the fresh weight of the culm. However, the rapid inversion and d...

he prefix “poly” makes us think of synthetics which are formed by polymerization of smaller units (monomers). As a matter of fact, polysaccharides are biopolymers composed of differently linked single sugar molecules. As a result the characteristics of the sugars completely change. The best known monomer sugars (monosaccharides) are glucose (dextrose, grape sugar), fructose and galactose. Monos...