Context. X-ray emitting features originating from the interaction of supernova shock waves with small interstellar gas clouds are revealed in many X-ray observations of evolved supernova remnants (e.g., Cygnus Loop and Vela), but their interpretation is not straightforward. Aims. We develop a self-consistent method for the analysis and interpretation of shock-cloud interactions in middle-aged s...

We present the first experimental evidence of the subpicosecond duration of x-ray pulses emitted from laser-irradiated clusters, demonstrating the suitability of such a debris free target for ultrafast x-ray science applications. The K-shell emission (approximately 3 keV) from large Ar clusters (6 x 10(5) to 4 x 10(6) atoms) is time resolved, when irradiated by ultrashort (40 fs to 5 ps) and in...

We present a two-component gasdynamic model of an interstellar cloud embedded in a hot plasma. It is assumed that the cloud consists of atomic hydrogen gas, interstellar plasma is quasineutral. Hydrogen atoms and plasma protons interact through a charge exchange process. Magnetic fields and radiative processes are ignored in the model. The influence of heat conduction within plasma on the inter...

Abstract. Interaction of cosmological gamma ray burst radiation with the dense interstellar medium of host galaxy is considered. Gas dynamical motion of interstellar medium driven by gamma ray burst is investigated in 2D approximation for different initial density distributions of host galaxy matter and different total energy of gamma ray burst. The maximum velocity of motion of interstellar me...

This discussion paper is/has been under review for the journal Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS). Please refer to the corresponding final paper in HESS if available. Abstract Soil moisture status in land surface models (LSMs) can be updated by assimilating cosmic-ray neutron intensity measured in air above the surface. This requires a fast and accurate model to calculate the neutron in...

Existing x-ray sources based on inverse Compton scattering rely on free-space lasers and have modest efficiency due to the inherent limitation of maintaining their peak field intensity over a few Rayleigh lengths. Moreover, their typical interaction spots are tens of micrometres in diameter and they rely on large electron accelerators. We propose a new structure that mitigates many of these lim...

Distant pointing at large displays allows rapid cursor movements, but can be problematic when high levels of precision are needed, due to natural hand tremor and tracking jitter. We present two ray-casting-based interaction techniques for large high-resolution displays – Absolute and Relative Mapping (ARM) Ray-casting and Zoom for Enhanced Large Display Acuity (ZELDA) – that address this precis...

Our aim is to investigate tidal interaction in High-Mass X-ray Binary stars in order to determine in which objects the rotation of the mass donors is synchronized or pseudosynchronized with the orbital motion of the compact companion. We calculate the pseudosynchronization period (Pps) and compare it with the rotational period of the mass donors (Prot). We find that (1) the Be/X-ray binaries ar...

The density profiles of liquid-gas interfaces of binary mixtures are determined by xray reflectivity measurements. The surface tension γ is calculated from the measured data in the framework of the capillary waves theory. It is demonstrated that gradient theory can be used to investigate the van der Waals interaction between the different constituents of the liquid. The determination of Lennard...