New results on myosin head organization using analysis of low-angle X-ray diffraction patterns from relaxed insect flight muscle (IFM) from a giant waterbug, building on previous studies of myosin filaments in bony fish skeletal muscle (BFM), show that the information content of such low-angle diffraction patterns is very high despite the 'crystallographically low' resolution limit (65 A) of th...

Monte Carlo ray tracing in optical canopy reflectance modelling M.I. Disney a , P. Lewis b & P.R.J. North c a Remote Sensing Unit, Department of Geography, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H OAP, UK Email: b Remote Sensing Unit, Department of Geography, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H OAP, UK c Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Monks Wood, Abbots Rip...

The European Space Agency (ESA) X-ray Evolving Universe Spectroscopy (XEUS) mission is designed as a follow-on to the ESA X-ray Multi Mirror (XMM-Newton) mission and may contain charge-coupled device (CCD) based instrumentation. Low instrument background is essential for the mission to maximise sensitivity. Results from XMM-Newton and the Japanese Space Agency Suzaku mission show that both the ...

Time dependent cosmic ray modulation in the inner heliosphere is studied by comparing results from a 2D, time-dependent cosmic ray transport model with Ulysses observations. A compound approach, which combines the effects of the global changes in the heliospheric magnetic field magnitude with drifts to establish a realistic timedependence, in the diffusion and drift coefficients, are used. We s...

An image based ray-tracing approach is utilized to predict the capacity of a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) indoor wireless communication system. The results are compared to measured capacity and path loss values. The sensitivity of the spectrum efficiency estimation to physical propagation parameters such as electric permeability and conductivity of the transmission and reflection walls...

The high-energy gamma-ray emission discovered using the H.E.S.S. telescopes from the binary system PSR B1259 −63, is modelled using an extension of the approach that successfully predicted it. We find that the simultaneous INTEGRAL and H.E.S.S. data permit both a model with dominant radiative losses, high pulsar wind Lorentz factor and modest efficiency as well as one with dominant adiabatic lo...

A computational approach to predict structures of rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is presented and evaluated by comparison to the X-ray structural models. By combining sequence alignment, the rhodopsin crystal structure, and point mutation data on the beta2 adrenoreceptor (b2ar), we predict a (-)-epinephrine-bound computational model of the beta2 adrenoreceptor. The model is ...

In this paper we present a method for the consistent modelling and efficient ray tracing of complex natural scenes. Both plants and terrains are modelled and represented in the same way to allow mutual influences of their appearance and interdependencies of their geometry. Plants are generated together with a fractal terrain, so that they directly grow on it. This allows an accurate calculation...

In this paper, experimental responses of the clamped mild steel, copper, and aluminium circular plates are presented subjected to blast loading. The GMDH-type neural networks (Group Method of Data Handling) are then used for the modelling of the mid-point deflection thickness ratio of the circular plates using those experimental results. The aim of such modelling is to show how the mid-point de...

The CCD97 is a low light level (L3) device from e2v technologies range of electron multiplying CCDs (EMCCDs). The device uses e2v’s patented extended gain register and through the use of appropriately designed electrodes can be used to maximise the signal whilst keeping the impact of the noise to a minimum. The nature of this device makes it ideal for use with a scintillator in order to see ind...