Gamma-ray bursts are now known to be a cosmological population of objects, which are often accompanied by X-ray and optical afterglows. The total energy emitted in the afterglow can be similar to the energy radiated in the gamma-ray burst itself. If a galaxy containing a large column density of dust is near the line of sight to a gamma-ray burst, small-angle scattering of the X-rays due to diff...

This keynote focuses on recent development of my own research group on the discovery and re-examination of numerical errors and their physical meanings in the discretization and solution of the integro-differential equation of radiation transfer. Among discretization-based numerical methods, such as the discrete-ordinates and the finite-volume methods, two shortcomings were well known, i.e., fa...

Dark matter (DM) may be comprised of axionlike particles (ALPs) with couplings to photons and the standard model fermions. In this paper, we study photon signals arising from cosmic ray (CR) electron scattering on background ALPs. For a range masses find that these bounds can place competitive new constraints ALP-electron coupling, although in many models lifetime supersede bounds. addition cur...

1.59.1 PHYSICS OF X-RAY ABSORPTION 1 1.59.1.1 X-ray Absorption Edges 2 1.59.1.2 X-ray Fluorescence 3 1.59.1.3 Measurement of X-ray Absorption Spectra 3 1.59.2 EXTENDED X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE 6 1.59.2.1 Theoretical Description of EXAFS Spectra 6 1.59.2.1.1 Single scattering 6 1.59.2.1.2 Multiple scattering 8 1.59.2.1.3 Other corrections to the EXAFS equation 9 1.59.2.2 Programs for Calc...

The internal structure of DNA-CTAB and DNA-DDAB is investigated by a Small Angel X- ray Scattering(SAXS) instrument. Hexagonal packing of DNA was observed for DNA complex with CTAB, and for DDABcomplex is observed lamellar structure. Variations in the internal spacing and degree of long-range ordering aredependent on both surfactant type and concentrations of added salt. When we increased the a...