This article reports the results obtained from comparison of internal spin filter (ISF) and alternating flow filtration (ATF) as cell retention systems, regarding cell growth, volumetric perfusion rate, cell specific perfusion rate and cell productivity in the fermentation process. As expected we were able to reach higher cell densities and to achieve longer runs since ATF systems are known to ...

With the Nuclear Energy Innovation Capabilities Act of 2018, launched in March 2019, Congress United States authorized funding to design and build a Versatile Test Reactor (VTR). This paper describes current state design, snapshot, key systems that VTR will rely upon achieve its mission irradiating wide variety fuels, materials, instruments, sensors with fast neutrons at high neutron flux.

Nuclear fusion control, and specifically plasma control, represents one of the newest and more promising applications of Control Engineering, with increasing interest in the control community. In this paper it is made a control-oriented review of the state of the art of nuclear fusion techniques. For this purpose, a comprehensive description of the fusion process is provided, focusing in the mo...

This article demonstrates the feasibility of converting Iran’s 40MWt heavy-water research reactor at Arak (the IR-40) to use low-enriched uranium fuel in order to slow the production of weapon-usable plutonium. Two methods are proposed, and both retain identical power density, thermal-hydraulic, and safety profiles as the original design and require no physical alteration of the core. They can ...

Continuous cultures in chemostats have proven their value in microbiology, microbial ecology, systems biology and bioprocess engineering, among others. In these systems, microbial growth and ecosystem performance can be quantified under stable and defined environmental conditions. This is essential when linking microbial diversity to ecosystem function. Here, a new system to test this link in a...

This paper describes the use of tabular methods at Ontario Power Generation Inc. (OPGI) 1 on the Darlington Nuclear Generating Station Shutdown System (SDS) Trip Computer Software Redesign Project. We first motivate the selection of tabular methods and provide an overview of the Systematic Design Verification (SDV) procedure. After reviewing some preliminary concepts, the paper describes how th...

Over the past decades, the field of chemical engineering has witnessed an increased interest in unsteady-state processes. Multifunctional, as well as intensified chemical processes, may exhibit instationary behaviour especially when based on periodical operating conditions. Ideally, instationary processes lead to a higher yield and increased selectivities compared to conventional steady-state f...

Advanced bioreactors are essential for meeting the complex requirements of in vitro engineering functional skeletal tissues. To address this need, we have developed a computer controlled bench-top bioreactor system with capability to apply complex concurrent mechanical strains to three-dimensional matrices independently housed in 24 reactor vessels, in conjunction with enhanced environmental an...

The High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR) is particularly attractive due to its capability of producing high temperature helium gas and inherent safety characteristics. These interesting aspects make HTGR worthy of discussion on the future advanced reactors. The Japanese interest in the HTGR has resulted in the construction of the High Temperature Engineering Test Reactor (the HTTR) at the...