This study examines automatic detection of the words that will be unintelligible if they are spoken by Japanese speakers of English. In our previous study [1], 800 English utterances spoken by Japanese speakers, which contained 6,063 words, were presented to 173 American listeners and correct perception rate was obtained for each spoken word. By using the results, in this study, we define the w...

An error analysis of the word recognition responses of cochlear implant patients and normal-hearing listeners was conducted to determine the types of partial information used by these two populations when they identify spoken words under auditory-alone and audiovisual conditions. The results revealed that different types of partial information are used by the two groups in identifying spoken wo...

This paper (1) appraises The Chronicle of Philanthropy’s widely disseminated and reported indices ranking states on their relative level of charitable giving, and (2) presents a different set of rankings based on a more valid research methodology, what we call the CWP (Center on Wealth and Philanthropy) Index. Our more precise methods raise important questions for the community of nonprofit sch...

Computing with Words (CW) methodology has been used in several different environments to narrow the differences between human reasoning and computing. As Decision Making is a typical human mental process, it seems natural to apply the CW methodology in order to create and enrich decision models in which the information that is provided and manipulated has a qualitative nature. In this paper we ...

AI applications often receive their input in the form of natural language text, or as the transcription of spoken text. A commonsense inference system should transform such input to a formal representation with limited vocabulary in order to be able to process them. In this paper, we present a method based on neural word embeddings that automatically assigns semic features to words of natural l...

Computer representation of human knowledge must be approached using the human ability to assign different meanings to information according to our perceptions, which at the same time are constructed and constitute the interpretative context in which possible meanings acquire varying degrees of validity. This work proposes that humans construct our perceptions based on the context of our past ex...

Applying the generalised extension principle within the area of Computing with Words typically leads to complex maximisation problems. If distributed quantities—such as, e.g., size distributions within human populations—are considered, density functions representing these distributions become involved. Very often the optimising density functions do not resemble those found in nature; for instan...

In a recent study, Martin, Mullennix, Pisoni, and Summers (1989) reported that subjects' accuracy in recalling lists of spoken words was better for words in early list positions when the words were spoken by a single talker than when they were spoken by multiple talkers. The present study was conducted to examine the nature of these effects in further detail. Accuracy of serial-ordered recall w...

In three experiments, we examined the separate cognitive demands of processing and storage in working memory and looked at how effective the coordination was when items for storage varied in format/modality. A sentence verification task involving arithmetic facts was combined with a span task involving two to six items presented in picture, printed word, or spoken word format. The first two exp...