recurrent abortion is a critical problem in which many factors play a crucial role such as anticordiolipin antibody and antiphospholipid antibody. this study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of anticardiolipin antibody and antiphospholipid antibody in pregnancy failures in women with the history of recurrent pregnancy loss. in 154 women with the history of two or more recurrent pregnancy...

Oxidative stress (OS) occurs with an overabundance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the inability of scavengers, i.e. antioxidants, to neutralize excessive loads of ROS. OS has a role in the etiopathologenesis of many factors causing natural infertility. Infertility is a problem of great magnitude affecting 6 million American women. The etiologies of unexplained infertility and r...

The plant life cycle alternates between two genetically active generations: the diploid sporophyte and the haploid gametophyte. In angiosperms the gametophytes are sexually dimorphic and consist of only a few cells. The female gametophyte, or embryo sac, is comprised of four cell types: two synergids, an egg cell, a central cell, and a variable number of antipodal cells. In some species the ant...

This article discusses the current trends in the diagnosis and treatment of recurrent pregnancy loss. Genetic testing of the miscarriage tissue by 23-chromosome microarray and the ability to identify maternal cell contamination have increased our awareness of the role of aneuploidy as a cause of recurrent pregnancy loss. This increasing influence and the role of genetic testing in developing a ...

Objective: Leukocyte adhesion deficiency(LAD) is a scarce, autosomal recessive inherited disorder . LAD-I which is the most common type occurs due to mutations on the CD18 gene. This mutation leads to absence or severe reduction of leukocyte cell surface expression of ß2 integrin molecules which are necessary for the adhesion of the leukocytes to the endothelial cells, transendothelial mi...