an injective map f : e(g) → {±1, ±2, · · · , ±q} is said to be an edge pair sum labeling of a graph g(p, q) if the induced vertex function f*: v (g) → z − {0} defined by f*(v) = (sigma e∈ev) f (e) is one-one, where ev denotes the set of edges in g that are incident with a vetex v and f*(v (g)) is either of the form {±k1, ±k2, · · · , ±kp/2} or {±k1, ±k2, · · · , ±k(p−1)/2} u {k(p+1)/2} accordin...

Interpolation is one of the widely used in many applications Image processing such as scaling, re-sampling and re-targeting. The Interpolation which estimates unknown target pixel value from surrounding neighborhood known pixels, the quality of Interpolation algorithm depends on number of pixels used in estimation. An image consists of edge and smooth pixels. Hence To exploiting content of the ...

In this paper, we address the challenging problem of recovering the defocus map from a single image. We present a simple yet effective approach to estimate the amount of spatially varying defocus blur at edge locations. The input defocused image is re-blurred using a Gaussian kernel and the defocus blur amount can be obtained from the ratio between the gradients of input and re-blurred images. ...

Four species of the fish genus Pempheris are recognized for the Red Sea: P. adusta Bleeker, 1877; P. mangula Cuvier, 1829; P. nesogallica Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831; and a new species P. tominagai. All are wide-ranging in the western Indian Ocean, and P. mangula has migrated via the Suez Canal to the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Morphological and genetic analysis of 15 species in this ...

The organization and dynamics of the hydrophobic fluorescent probe Nile Red incorporated in DOPC vesicles containing varying amounts of cholesterol has been monitored utilizing fluorescence-based approaches which include the red edge excitation shift (REES) approach and the parallax method for depth determination. Our results show that the fluorescence emission maximum, intensity, polarization,...

The present studies show for the first time that demineralized bone re-calcifies rapidly when incubated at 37 °C in rat serum: re-calcification can be demonstrated by Alizarin Red and von Kossa stains, by depletion of serum calcium, and by uptake of calcium and phosphate by bone matrix. Re-calcification is specific for the type I collagen matrix structures that were calcified in the original bo...

Female Red-winged Blackbirds and Brown-headed Cowbirds re-entered a decoy trap with greater frequency than did the males. It appeared that this difference in behavior was due to the location of the trap in the breeding territories of these two species. Although the Brown-headed Cowbird is a nest parasite, it does exhibit many of the same breeding territorial relationships between the sexes as t...

In the title compound, [Re(3)(μ-H)(3)(C(25)H(22)P(2))(CO)(10)]·CH(2)Cl(2), the three Re atoms form a triangle bearing ten terminal carbonyl groups and three edge-bridging hydrides. The bis-(diphenyl-phosphan-yl)methane ligand bridges two Re atoms. Neglecting the Re-Re inter-actions, each Re atom is in a slightly distorted octa-hedral coordination environment. The dichloro-methane solvent mol-ec...

Several polytopes arise from finite graphs. For edge and symmetric edge polytopes, in particular, exhaustive computation of the Ehrhart polynomials not merely supports the conjecture of Beck et al. that all roots α of Ehrhart polynomials of polytopes of dimension D satisfy −D ≤ Re(α) ≤ D − 1, but also reveals some interesting phenomena for each type of polytope. Here we present two new conjectu...