ion from or analytic reduction of the communication process. While the rules perspective tends to make a single analytic reduction of normative and cultural processes in formulating rules (or norms as discussed above), the ethnographic perspective makes two analytic reductions in the analysis of normative and cultural processes, norms and cultural codes, respectively.

Southern African countries have a good cultural tourism development potential, and many countries in the region have identifi ed the development of cultural tourism as one of the key growth areas in tourism. A specifi c element of cultural tourism is based on crafts that are sold for visitors in various sites and market places. Crafts and craft markets are relatively visible in the Southern Afr...

Introduction Resources-based tourism is often an economic necessity in natural resources-dependent communities. Tikal National Park, located in the Petén region of northern Guatemala (Figure 1), contains an ancient Mayan urban center and was declared a mixed cultural–natural World Heritage Site by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 1979 (National G...

Two studies examined the mechanisms underlying North American women's previously documented attraction to men displaying the nonverbal expression of shame (Tracy and Beall, 2011). In Study 1, American women at high-conception risk were found to be less attracted to men displaying shame compared to women at low-conception risk, suggesting that male shame displays indicate poor genetic fitness. I...

This study uses the first translated version of an established and validated instrument to assess the impacts of an interpretive tour experience on Chinese visitors to a heritage tourism attraction in Australia. The study makes a significant methodological contribution by way of testing the reliability of this instrument in a Chinese cultural context. In addition to its methodological contribut...

The second half of the nineteenth century in Spain was a period characterized by a strong presence of social science, which even came to permeate the masses. Evolutionary theories and some figures such as Charles Darwin himself were present in areas far from the scientific activity proper. The use of concepts and laws of biological origin for the diagnosis and political practice against certain...

sludge production is an avoidable problem arising from the treatment of wastewater. the sludge remained after municipal wastewater treatment contains considerable amounts of various contaminants and if is not properly handled and disposed, it may produce extensive health hazards. on the other hand, this sludge has benefits for plants and soils. thereupon, land application of sludge has received...

2 Motivation: decomposition of NHIM-defining vector fields 3 2.1 The structure of the basin of attraction of a NHIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.2 Persistence of this structure under perturbations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.3 Implications of NHIM results for model reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...