great effect of three way catalytic convertor (twc) performance on oxygen sensor output voltage has made the sensor (located after catalyst) as the main signal in almost all today’s twc monitoring algorithms. in this paper output voltage of nonlinear oxygen sensor is estimated using a nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous inputs (narx) model. the estimation uses ecu calculated exhaust gas flo...

Uncertainty exists widely in the subjective and objective world. Randomness and fuzziness are the two most important and fundamental forms of them. The cloud model measured by expectation, entropy and hyper-entropy can describe this uncertainty well. A new algorithm of forward and backward cloud based on region partition is proposed. After a comparison was made between these two kinds of algori...

background: dietary guidelines are considered as a useful tool for the promotion of healthy dietary behaviors. in iran, despite the development of the latest national food‑based dietary guidelines, in 2006, it has not been introduced at the community level yet. the present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention program to promote iran’s food‑based dietary guidelines (ifbdgs...

one of the characteristics in iranian model of desertification potential assessment (imdpa) is vegetation. sincevegetation is very important factor in the degradation of land, so some indices were determined for this item in order toevaluate desertification potential of arid, semi arid and arid sub humid areas of iran. the indices included vegetationcondition, exploit and revegetation. to calib...

background: the two most frequently diagnosed cancers among women worldwide are breast and cervical cancers. the objective of the present study was to classify the different countries based on the death rates from sex specific cancers. methods : in this cross-sectional study, we used dataset regarding death rate from breast, cervical, uterine, and ovarian cancers in 190 countries worldwide repo...

background: the success of faculty members of medical sciences universities in medical education arena requires qualification and capabilities authentication in relation with education.  in order to achieve these capabilities, it is necessary to use new and influential approaches of empowerment. one of the appropriate approaches is “competency based training” (cbt). in this method, competencies...

We show, using purely classical considerations and logical extrapolation of results belonging to point particle theories, that the metric background field in which a string propagates must satisfy an Einstein or an Einstein–like equation. Additionally, there emerge restrictions on the worldsheet curvature, which seems to act as a source for spacetime gravity, even in the absence of other matter...

We introduce a family of conditions on a simplicial complex that we call local klargeness (k ≥ 6 is an integer). They are simply stated, combinatorial and easily checkable. One of our themes is that local 6-largeness is a good analogue of the nonpositive curvature: locally 6-large spaces have many properties similar to nonpositively curved ones. However, local 6-largeness neither implies nor is...

This paper shows that the continuous shearlet transform, a novel directional multiscale transform recently introduced by the authors and their collaborators, provides a precise geometrical characterization for the boundary curves of very general planar regions. This study is motivated by imaging applications, where such boundary curves represent edges of images. The shearlet approach is able to...