pneumorrhachis (pr), which involves the entrapment of air or gas within the spinal canal, is a rare clinical entity. the pathogenesis and etiology of this uncommon entity vary and may present a diagnostic challenge. air in the spinal canal can be divided into primary and secondary pr, extra- or intradural pr and etiologically classified as iatrogenic, traumatic and non-traumatic. pr is typicall...

In vitro studies reveal that nuclear receptor coactivators enhance the transcriptional activity of steroid receptors, including estrogen (ER) and progestin receptors (PR), through ligand-dependent interactions. While work from our lab and others shows that steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) is essential for efficient ER and PR action in brain, very little is known about receptor-coactivator...

Progesterone action contributes to the signaling of many growth factor pathways relevant to breast cancer tumor biology, including the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system. Previous work has shown that insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2) but not IRS-1 levels were regulated by progestin in progesterone receptor-B (PR-B) isoform expressing MCF-7 cells (C4-12 PR-B). Furthermore, type 1 IGF rec...

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the clinical and ‎electrocardiographic (ECG) manifestations of benzodiazepines (BZs).‎ Methods: In this retrospective study, all BZ-poisoned patients hospitalized at Loghman ‎Hakim Hospital between September 2010 and March 2011 were evaluated. Patients’ ‎information including age, sex, time elapsed between the ingestion and presenta...

Progesterone receptor isoforms (PRA and PRB) are expressed at equal levels in normal mammary cells. However, alteration in PRA/PRB expression is often observed in aggressive breast cancer suggesting differential contribution of PR isoforms in carcinogenesis. The mechanisms underlying such processes remain to be established mainly due to paucity of appropriate cellular models. To investigate the...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine the expression of oestrogen regulated genes in premenopausal and postmenopausal normal and malignant endometrial specimens. The molecular mechanisms and the role of these genes in endometrial carcinogenesis are poorly understood. METHODS Normal and malignant endometrial specimens were collected from patients undergoing hysterectomy. Real time Ta...

  Background and Objective: Determination of hormone receptor status in the management of breast cancer is well-established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of androgen receptor (AR) expression in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 55 cases of invasive ductal breast carcinoma were examined using a monoclonal antibody against AR on...