This paper suggests to replace PIs and PIDs, which play a key role in control engineering, by intelligent Proportional-Derivative feedback loops, or iPDs, are derived from model-free control. standpoint is enhanced laboratory experiment.

It is necessary to obtain a fundamental understanding of the goaf gas flow patterns in longwall mine in order to develop optimum goaf gas drainage and spontaneous combustion (sponcom) management strategies. The best ventilation layout for a longwall underground mine should assist in goaf gas drainage and further reduce the risk of sponcom in the goaf. Further, in the longwall panel, regulators ...

Plasticity in plant form is achieved through differential elaboration of developmental pre-patterns during postembryonic organ development. A new report links the output of the root clock, an oscillatory transcriptional pre-patterning mechanism, with cell-type-specific production of the plant hormone auxin, and identifies a downstream component required for elaboration of the pre-pattern.

For survival, plants have to efficiently adjust their phenotype to environmental challenges, finely coordinating their responses to balance growth and defence. Such phenotypic plasticity can be modulated by their associated microbiota. The widespread mycorrhizal symbioses modify plant responses to external stimuli, generally improving the resilience of the symbiotic system to environmental stre...

During their evolution, plants have acquired diverse capabilities to sense their environment and modify their growth and development as required. The versatile utilization of solar radiation for photosynthesis as well as a signal to coordinate developmental responses to the environment is an excellent example of such a capability. Specific light quality inputs are converted to developmental out...