Geological sequestration of CO2 on a massive scale implies that large area fractions of the underground could become flooded by CO2, imposing a unprecedented regulatory challenge to environmental authorities. Therefore we propose carbon sequestration bonds as complementary, market-based instruments that should further help to manage the risk of decadal-scale CO2 leakage. Such bond schemes addre...

Until five years ago the scene of public transport in Brazilian cities was dominated by privately operated buses under local protective regulation. From 1996 on, however, this scene begun to change by the emergence of vans operators who challenged bus cartels and the barriers to entry imposed by public authorities. In this paper, a general overview of the presence of vans in Brazilian local pub...

Inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), among others, play a major role in the pathophysiology of anemia in the cancer patient not only through complex mechanisms of the purely inflammatory situation but also through genetic regulatory aspects of erythropoiesis via GATA-1 and GATA-2, and other factors. In terms of therapy, iron is used more and m...

The control of impurities in Formulated products and Active Pharmaceutical ingredient’s were regulated by various regulatory authorities like US-FDA,ICH,MHRA,TGA etc.As per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines, the Impurity may be defined as any component of new drug product that is not the drug substance or an excipient in drug product. Nowadays apart from purity profile there ...

Cognitive radios are finally emerging in the form of White Space devices capable of accessing spectral resources allocated for communication systems but not actually in use. Temporal and geographical information on existence of White Space is obtained from dedicated database through Internet access. In this paper, technological advancements enabling commercial utilization of wireless White Spac...

This paper analyzes the Philippine electric power industry. First, it gives a brief history of the industry. Second, it assesses the interaction between the electric power industry and the Philippine economy. Third, it describes the structure of the industry as well as its major players. Fourth, it examines the industry’s legal and regulatory framework. And fifth, it discusses the problems and ...

When it comes to physician-pharmaceutical manufacturer relationships, the old adage "there's no such thing as a free lunch" has been given much support lately by federal fraud and abuse enforcement authorities. In light of recent enforcement developments and initiatives, physicians must now, more than ever, develop an understanding of the legal boundaries of regulatory and ethical guidelines an...

In a polarized political setting, public policy towards the water sector evolves in response to pressures. The Bolivian experience provides lessons for other nations. First, technical skills are necessary, but not sufficient for regulatory sustainability. In addition, those implementing policy must think politically without being political. To establish incentives for good sector performance, p...