slope instability due to landslides is particularly common in iran. it is possible to fight against these hazards thanks to the roots of trees, which provide an important contribu-tion towards the stability of hillslopes. however, our knowledge of the effectiveness of roots for slope stability needs improvement. therefore this study was carried out on the effect of tree roots on slope stability...

large size direct shear tests (i.e.300 x 300mm) were conducted to investigate the interaction between clay reinforced with geogrids embedded in thin layers of sand. test results for the clay, sand, clay-sand, clay-geogrid, sandgeogrid and clay-sand-geogrid are discussed. thin layers of sand including 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14mm were used to increase the interaction between the clay and the geogrid...

clay soils and their related abnormal behavior such as excessive shrinkage, swelling, consolidation settlement and cracking on drying has been the subject of many investigations. previous studies mainly evaluated the effects of additives such as lime, cement and sand on these characteristics. initial results indicated that the soil characteristics were improved. however, reportedly in many case...

objective: the purpose of this study was to identify reasons domestic violence occurs within intimate relationships. methods: the target group was female victims and male offenders. the offenders group consisted of 25 men from a batterer’s intervention group. the victims group composed of 9 women from center against spouse abuse (casa) intervention group. results: domestic violence occurred at ...

An analogue study was conducted to test the clinical efficacy of covert reinforcement (Cautela, 1970) and to assess the role of behavioral .rehearsal in covert reinforcement. A secondary purpose was to determine the effects of image clarity, subject anxiety level and rate of extra session imagery on the therapeutic effect of covert reinforcement. Forty introductory psychology students who score...

This paper presents the experimental results of four full-scale coupling beams in which only horizontal reinforcements are placed, without diagonal reinforcements, with the aim to develop reinforcement details for coupling beams used in connecting side walls in a wall-slab structural system. Each coupling beam specimen was designed according to the deep-beam design procedure that does not use d...

Background It is often said that children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) have difficulty learning from reinforcement. However, there is little empirical evidence to support or deny this claim. Objectives To examine reinforcement learning in children with FASD, specifically: (1) the rate of learning from reinforcement; and (2) the impact of concreteness of the reinforcer. Methods Pa...

This paper proposes a new fuzzy neural network based reinforcement adaptive iterative learning controller for a class of nonlinear systems. Different from some existing reinforcement learning schemes, the reinforcement adaptive iterative learning controller has the advantages of rigorous proofs without using an approximation of the plant Jacobian. The critic is appended into the reinforcement a...

This paper proposes a TD (temporal difference) and GA (genetic algorithm) based reinforcement (TDGAR) neural learning scheme for controlling chaotic dynamical systems based on the technique of small perturbations. The TDGAR learning scheme is a new hybrid GA, which integrates the TD prediction method and the GA to fulfill the reinforcement learning task. Structurely, the TDGAR learning system i...