Although the behavioral-stimulant and reinforcing effects of cocaine and related psychomotor stimulants have been attributed to their actions at the dopamine transporter (DAT), the reinforcing effectiveness of these compounds varies. The properties that confer these differences are important considerations when developing agonist pharmacotherapies for the treatment of stimulant abuse. The prese...

While studies on self-reinforcing mechanisms in information systems (IS) research rely on methodologies that focus on the technical level without fully accounting for such effects on the organizational level, management research relies on methodologies that concentrate researchers’ efforts on the organizational level. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the Path Biography Methodology, a q...

Background. In traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture manipulation is one of the key factors that affect the curative results of acupuncture and more and more researches focus on how the different acupuncture manipulation techniques influence microcirculation nowadays. In this paper we demonstrate the different influences of lift-thrust reinforcing and reducing on blood perfusion. Method. The...

Accurate constitutive models of the constituent materials in a reinforced concrete (RC) section, namely, unconfined concrete, confined concrete and reinforcing steel are necessary in fiber-based discretization of RC components for use in nonlinear analysis of RC structures. This paper examines the sensitivity to different constitutive models in predicting the inelastic seismic behavior of RC fr...

This paper studied the effects of reinforcement corrosion on bond performance between rebar and concrete. Tests were carried out to evaluate the degradation of bond between reinforcing steel and concrete for different corrosion levels of reinforcing steel. A series of 20 specimens of different concrete strength with various reinforcing steel corrosion levels were designed and manufactured. Each...

Working in a laboratory at the University of Michigan that was originally designed in the 1960s by Dr. Tomoji Yanagita, we have been evaluating opioid drugs for their ability to maintain behavior in rhesus monkeys. The animals are prepared with intravenous catheters that can be accessed from the outside of the cage. Inside the cage are two response levers and several stimulus lights. When one o...

Background and Purpose Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-euphorigenic component of Cannabis sativa that prevents the development paclitaxel-induced mechanical sensitivity in mouse model chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). We recently reported CBD structural analogue KLS-13019 shows efficacy an vitro CIPN. The present study was to characterize behavioural effects compared morphine models...

The causes and mechanisms of corrosion of reinforcing bars in concrete are described in terms of the practical issues as well as the electrochemistry. The parameters affecting corrosion are (i) the ingress of aggressive species, such as chlorides, which break down the protective film on the reinforcing bar and (ii) the amount of those species necessary to do so. The former is largely controlled...

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the crack width induced by the corrosion of reinforcing steel bars in concrete. Reinforcing steel bars with different diameters were corroded using an accelerated test in three types of concrete members, including 24 beams with corroded stirrup and 20 beams with corroded longitudinal reinforcing steel bars. The corrosion patterns and rusts ch...

in this paper, moment-curvature behavior and ductility of prestressed concrete members based on nonlinear analysis is investigated. influence of various design parameters on ductility of flexural members is determined according to appropriate materials models for stress-strain curves of concrete, prestressing steel and conventional reinforcements. parameters studied include reinforcing index (ω...