In this essay I argue against Bernard I. Cohen’s influential account of Newton’s methodology in the Principia: the “Newtonian Style”. The crux of Cohen’s account is the successive adaptation of “mental constructs” through comparisons with nature. In Cohen’s view there is a direct dynamics between the mental constructs and physical systems. I argue that his account is essentially hypothetical-de...

PURPOSE To compare the effect of a rat anti-VEGF antibody, administered either by topical or subconjunctival (SC) routes, on a rat model of corneal transplant rejection. METHODS Twenty-four rats underwent corneal transplantation and were randomized into four treatment groups (n=6 in each group). G1 and G2 received six SC injections (0.02 ml 10 µg/ml) of denatured (G1) or active (G2) anti-VEGF...

in this paper, the removal of phenol by using aqueous solution in a low pressure reverse osmosis membrane was investigated. the effect of feed pressure, feed concentration, feed flow rate and feed ph on phenol rejection was investigated. the results showed that feed ph is the most affective parameter on the phenol rejection. rejection of phenol increased with increasing ph from 2 to 10 under th...

OBJECTIVES Rats with abdominal heterotopic heart transplants were studied to determine whether cardiac allograft rejection could be assessed by immunoscintigraphy targeting intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), which was induced on allografted organ cells in association with rejection. BACKGROUND It is important to detect early rejection before development of myocyte necrosis. Although ...

Conventional histologic diagnosis of rejection in kidney transplants has limited repeatability due to its inherent requirement for subjective assessment of lesions, in a rule-based system that does not acknowledge diagnostic uncertainty. Molecular phenotyping affords opportunities for increased precision and improved disease classification to address the limitations of conventional histologic d...

Immunosuppressive drugs used in the management of heart and lung transplants have a large monetary and quality of life cost due to their side effects. Total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) is one method of minimising the need for or replacing post-operative immunosuppressive drugs. A literature review was conducted on electronic databases using defined search terms. The aim was to establish the indi...

Acute liver rejection is one of the most severe complications that may affect the liver transplantation procedure. Thus, one of the most important focal points in the field of liver transplantation research is to discover a non-invasive or less-invasive method of diagnosing and predicting cases of acute liver rejection. In the present study, 59 tissue samples, including blood and liver tissues,...