The mossy fiber synapse between dentate granule cells and CA3 pyramidal cells in the guinea pig hippocampus shows a robust short-term synaptic enhancement. We have simultaneously measured presynaptic residual free calcium ([Ca2+]i) and postsynaptic field potentials at this synapse to examine the role of [Ca2+]i in this enhancement. Single action potentials produced an increase in [Ca2+]i of 10-...

the present work is an experimental study of steady state convective heat transfer of de-ionized water with a (0.04% by volume) volume fraction of al2o3 nanoparticles dispersed to form a nanofluid that flows through an aluminium tube.laminar fully developed flow heat transfer coefficient of al2o3 nanoparticles are dispersed in water in circular tube is discussed in this paper. in order to valid...

Teacher enthusiasm and its impact on students’ learning and emotions have remained unnoticed in the realm of second language learning and teaching. This study aimed at exploring the possibility of boosting language teacher enthusiasm and its potential relationship with language learners’ effort and attitude for language learning. In order to foster teacher enthusiasm, the highly novel concept o...

The form and morphology criteria are among  effective components in enhancement and improvement of urban environments and one of the features of successful urban spaces, is the way these criteria are arranged alongside each other especially at the visual landscape of an entrance space, because entrance of every place is the first and most important communication ring between the person and the ...

the form and morphology criteria are among  effective components in enhancement and improvement of urban environments and one of the features of successful urban spaces, is the way these criteria are arranged alongside each other especially at the visual landscape of an entrance space, because entrance of every place is the first and most important communication ring between the person and the ...

Strain-promoted cycloadditions of cyclic nitrones with biaryl-aza-cyclooctynone (BARAC) proceed with rate constants up to 47.3 M(-1) s(-1), this corresponds to a 47-fold rate enhancement relative to reaction of BARAC with benzyl azide and a 14-fold enhancement over previously reported strain promoted alkyne-nitrone cycloadditions (SPANC). Studies of the SPANC reaction using the linear free ener...

Both the spectral dependence and the magnitude of the excitation spectra of surface-enhanced Raman scattering are found to be quantitatively related to the absorption spectra for silver-island films. This relationship is maintained even when the local electromagnetic enhancement at the islands is varied by coating the film with a layer of absorbing dye molecules. The results illustrate a simple...

We demonstrate enhanced focusing of polychromatic light through strongly scattering media. The experimental results validate a theoretical relationship among source bandwidth, sample bandwidth, and initial contrast of a far-field speckle. For various combinations of source bandwidth and sample bandwidth, we optimize far-field focal intensity enhancement using a MEMS spatial light modulator to m...

The solubility of tris(pentane-2,4-dionato)chromium(III) (Cr(acac)(3)) in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO(2)) containing organic modifiers (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFP) and 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenol (BTMP)) of hydrogen-bond donors was investigated by UV/VIS spectrophotometry. A great solubility enhancement of Cr(acac)(3) in SC-CO(2) was accomplished by adding HFP and BTMP. T...