CONTEXT Tobacco smoke includes a mix of carcinogens implicated in the etiology of bladder cancer (BC) and renal cell cancer (RCC). OBJECTIVE We reviewed the impact of tobacco exposure on BCC and RCC incidence and mortality, and whether smoking cessation decreases the risk. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A systematic review of original articles in English was performed in August 2013. Meta-analysis of...

Visual agnosia is a neuropsychological impairment of visual object recognition despite near-normal acuity and visual fields. A century of research has provided only a rudimentary account of the functional damage underlying this deficit. We find that the object-recognition ability of agnosic patients viewing an object directly is like that of normally-sighted observers viewing it indirectly, wit...

ABSTRACT : In our previous study, we introduced a combination methodology of Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), which is powerful to investigate the effect of intracellular environment to biochemical reaction processes. Now, we developed a reconstruction method of realistic simulation spaces based on our TEM images. Interactive raytracing vis...

Reading speed for English text is slower for text oriented vertically than horizontally. Yu, Park, Gerold, and Legge (2010) showed that slower reading of vertical text is associated with a smaller visual span (the number of letters recognized with high accuracy without moving the eyes). Three possible sensory determinants of the size of the visual span are: resolution (decreasing acuity at lett...

the closed nature of geochemical data has been proven in many studies. compositional data have special properties that mean that standard statistical methods cannot be used to analyse them. these data imply a particular geometry called aitchison geometry in the simplex space. for analysis, the dataset must first be opened by the various transformations provided. one of the most popular of the a...

Although many studies have identified social conditions associated with tuberculosis, contextual and individual factors have rarely been analysed simultaneously. Consequently, we aimed to identify contextual and individual factors associated with tuberculosis incidence in general population in Brazil in 2010. We also assessed whether household crowding mediates the association between socioecon...

Enzyme kinetics studies have been usually designed as dilute solution experiments, which differ substantially from in vivo conditions. However, cell cytosol is crowded with a high concentration of molecules having different shapes and sizes. The consequences of such crowding in enzymatic reactions remain unclear. The aim of the present study is to understand the effect of macromolecular crowdin...

In peripheral vision, objects that are visible in isolation become difficult to identify in clutter. This crowding effect is typically strong when objects are similar in a given dimension (e.g., color) and weak when they differ. Here we examine the selectivity of crowding for temporal differences-namely, the transient signals associated with object onsets and offsets. Observers judged the orien...

background : in the hot weather overweight and obesity are considered as significant risk factors for incidence of cardiac strain in workers. this study is aimed to compare cardiac strain among overweight and normal-weighted workers in hot and humid conditions of the south of iran. methods : this cross-sectional study was conducted on 71 workers in the south of iran in the summer of 2010. the h...

Industrial robots need instrument or parts transport to do which requires coordinate to show the robot’s instrument, parts and body. When investigating the robot location, we are usually interested in measuring its location relative to a reference coordinate system. In this system it is attempted to make the assemble direction smaller by designing the sensor board and making use of an instrumen...