Experimental and theoretical uncertainties in the measurement of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) with a continuous-flow thermal-gradient CCN counter from Droplet Measurement Technologies (DMT-CCNC) have been assessed by model calculations and calibration experiments with ammonium sulfate and sodium chloride aerosol 5 particles in the diameter range of 20–220 nm. Experiments have been performed ...

A new benzofuroquinoline derivative, 3,9-bis(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyloxy)-5H-benzofuro[3,2-c]quinoli ne-6-one (KCA-098), shows poor oral absorption due to practical insolubility in water. In this study, a co-grinding technique employing a water-soluble polymer was used for improvement of the dissolution rate of KCA-098. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns and IR spectra of KCA-098 showed the convers...

The solubilities and maximum supersaturation concentrations of an amorphous the crystalline tetrahydrate heptahydrate solids disodium guanosine 5'-monophosphate (GMP) in water-methanol mixtures were measured situ by Raman spectroscopy focused beam reflectance measurement. distinct peaks form, hydrates, solution, solvent used for measurements solubility supersaturation. Above 45 °C at methanol f...

The granulated cane honey point of panela is given when the begins to solidify, based on crystallographic properties honeys. In Colombia, solidification usually determined in an empirical way by manufacturers. this study, we evaluated automated method determine honeys produce a regions comparison with five possible scenarios that were previously tested, but choosing experimentally best solution...

X-ray transparent Microfluidics for Protein Crystallization and Biomineralization A dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts by Achini Opathalage Protein crystallization demands the fundamental understanding of nucleation and applying techniques to find the optimal conditions to achieve the kinetic pathway f...

Several \\~ell-sllbstantiated examples of both two-dimensional nucleation (ZDN) and multiple scre\v dislocation growth (MSDG) are described. The relations derived in Part I permit quantitative estimates of the edge energy parameter b in some cases, and confirm former interpretations of growth behaviour, except in the two instances now specified. The use of edge rather than surface energy as the...

We address a supersaturation problem in the context of forbidden subposets. A family F of sets is said to contain the poset P if there is an injection i : P → F such that p ≤P q implies i(p) ⊂ i(q). The poset on four elements a, b, c, d with a, b ≤ c, d is called a butterfly. The maximum size of a family F ⊆ 2 that does not contain a butterfly is ( n bn/2c ) + ( n bn/2c+1 ) as proved by De Boni...

A polar cirrus case study is discussed with the help of a one-dimensional model with explicit aerosol and ice microphysics. It is demonstrated that continuous cooling of air in regions with small amounts of ice and slow ice deposition rates of water vapor drives significant in-cloud supersaturations over ice, with potentially important consequences for heterogeneous halogen activation. Radiativ...

Ocean acidification (OA) and thermal stress may undermine corals' ability to calcify support diverse reef communities, particularly in marginal environments. Coral calcification depends on aragonite supersaturation (? » 1) of the calcifying fluid (cf) from which skeleton precipitates. Corals actively upregulate pHcf relative seawater buffer against changes temperature dissolved inorganic carbon...