hard gelatin capsule filled with acetaminophen, osmotic agent (sorbitol), a release promoter (sodium dodecyl sulfate), coated with a semipermeable cellulose acetate membrane containing a hydrophobic plasticizer (castor oil) and sealed with white bees wax plug was designed. when placed in the sink water penetrates the membrane, dissolves the osmotic agent and increases the osmotic pressure insid...

The anticholinergics tolterodine and oxybutynin are well established in the management of overactive bladder. However, their activity at muscarinic receptors distant from the target site (i.e., bladder) produces anticholinergic side effects leading to poor tolerability. In 2004, trospium, solifenacin, and darifenacin were approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of ov...

Drugs that elevate cAMP levels in human basophils are known to inhibit immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated histamine release. We have examined whether cAMP-active agents inhibit the cytosolic Ca2+, [Ca2+]i, response that normally accompanies activation of basophils. As previously described, this [Ca2+]i response is biphasic, one phase dependent on internal sources of calcium and a second later phas...

Human lung explants maintained in culture for 7 d incorporate [(3)H]glucosamine into mucous glycoproteins. Ethanol-precipitable, glucosamine-labeled mucous secretion was measured, and the effects of different pharmacologic agents upon this secretion were investigated. Anaphylaxed human lung generates prostaglandin (PG) synthesis and increased mucous release. Arachidonic acid (AA), PGA(2), PGD(2...

Nanotechnology and its applications to medicine, known as nanomedicine, involve a wide use of nanomaterials stimulate guide the regenerative properties cells. In particular, tissue regeneration can be promoted by enabling controlled release therapeutic agents, which done using nanoparticles. this review article, fundamentals are discussed, focusing on epithelial tissue, demonstrate importance d...

To destroy all remaining stocks of variola virus on or before 31 December 2002 seems an even more compelling goal today than it did in 1999, when the 52d World Health Assembly authorized temporary retention of remaining stocks to facilitate the possible development of (1) a more attenuated, less reactogenic smallpox vaccine and (2) an antiviral drug that could be used in treatment of patients w...

To access the effect of augmentative biological control agents, 31 articles were reviewed that investigated the impact of release rates of 35 augmentative biological control agents on the control of 42 arthropod pests. In 64% of the cases, the release rate of the biological control agent did not significantly affect the density or mortality of the pest insect. Results where similar when parasit...

Cholecystokinin (CCK) release from rat brain slices in vitro is enhanced by agents which elevate intracellular cAMP. Treatment of several CCK expressing tumor cells in culture with agents which increase intracellular cAMP increased secretion of CCK. The possibility that elevation of cAMP also alters potassium-evoked release of CCK from rat brain slices incubated in vitro was also investigated. ...

Long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics can have considerable advantages over oral medications for the management of patients with schizophrenia. Despite the high prevalence of treatment nonadherence with oral pharmacotherapy, LAI antipsychotics are significantly underutilized in this patient population. The availability of newer LAI antipsychotic preparations combined with a resurgent inte...

      Topical and transdermal drug delivery systems are noninvasive and can be self-administered with the minimization of side-effects, have received increased attention during the past few years. Nanoemulsions, emulsions sized between 20-200 nm with narrow distributions, offer several advantages for topical and transdermal delivery of pharmaceutical agents including controlled droplet size, th...