When applying multi-instance learning (MIL) to make predictions for bags of instances, the prediction accuracy an instance often depends on not only itself but also its context in corresponding bag. From viewpoint causal inference, such bag contextual prior works as a confounder and may result model robustness interpretability issues. Focusing this problem, we propose novel interventional (IMIL...

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) is concerned with learning from sets (bags) of feature vectors (instances), where the individual instance labels are ambiguous. In MIL it is often assumed that positive bags contain at least one instance from a so-called concept in instance space, whereas negative bags only contain negative instances. The classes in a MIL problem are therefore not treated in the...