BACKGROUND Genetic reassortment plays a critical role in the generation of pandemic strains of influenza virus. The influenza virus RNA polymerase, composed of PB1, PB2 and PA subunits, has been suggested to influence the efficiency of genetic reassortment. However, the role of the RNA polymerase in the genetic reassortment is not well understood. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here, we recon...

The ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex is the essential transcription-replication machinery of the influenza virus. It is composed of the trimeric polymerase (PA, PB1 and PB2), nucleoprotein (NP) and RNA. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of RNP assembly is central to our understanding of the control of viral transcription and replication and the dependence of these processes on the host cell. ...

BACKGROUND Influenza A subtype H9N2 is widespread and prevalent in poultry. It has repeatedly transmitted zoonotically to cause mild influenza-like illness in humans and is regarded as a potential pandemic candidate. In additon, the six internal genes of H7N9 and H10N8 viruses which caused infection in human in China as well as some of the highly pathogenic H5N1 strains are origined from H9N2. ...

In order to combine the qualities of inorganic and organic ion exchangers, a stable material with good chromatographic properties, a new inorganic-organic ion exchanger Titanium (IV) phosphosulphosalicylate(TiPSS) was synthesized. Sample-1 was chosen for detailed ion exchange studies due to its highest ion exchange capacity, good appearance and chemical stability. Characterization of the resin ...

In this report, we present a method for the detection of Pb2+ based on the different adsorption capacity on the surface of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) between ssDNA (single-stranded DNA) and G-quartet. In the absence of Pb2+, the DNA oligonucleotides probe, which is guanine-rich ssDNA, can be adsorbed on the surface of AuNPs protecting them from aggregation. After adding Pb2+, the DNA oligonucle...

A total of 341 fertilized and 37 unfertilized oocytes from 63 intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment cycles were included for retrospective assessment using the Embryoscope time-lapse video system. The second polar body (pb2) extrusion occurred at 2.9±0.1 h (range 0.70-10.15 h) relative to sperm injection. All oocytes reduced in size following sperm injection (p<0.05) with shrinkage ...

The Gibbs energy changes for the reaction between copper, cadmium, and lead ions complexes with gallic acid clinoptilolite containing single-charged (Na, K) double-charged (Ca, Mg) exchange were calculated. software PRIRODA PBE/3ζ theoretical method has been used these calculations:&#x0D; (GalAn)2X×2H2O + Clin-Me 2H3O+ → X(H2O)n-Clin 2GalAn– (6-n)H2O 2Me+(Me2+).&#x0D; thermodynamic possibility ...