PURPOSE Renal osteodystrophy is a common complication of chronic renal failure and renal replacement therapy. Successful kidney transplantation reverses many of these abnormalities, however, the improvement is often incomplete. The osteoclast specific 5b isoform of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) 5b has recently been proposed a specific and sensitive marker of bone resorption. The ai...

Facial skeletal changes associated with hyperparathyroidism assume 3 radiographic patterns: osteitis fibrosa cystica, fibrous dysplasia, and leontiasis ossea. The 3rd pattern is unique to renal osteodystrophy. We report a case of uremic leontiasis ossea with CT images illustrating significant hypertrophy of the jaws with serpiginous tunneling within the bone and poor visualization of the cortic...

A clinical case of fibrous osteodystrophy in a dog with secondary renal hyperparathyroidism is described. Considerable deviations in blood biochemistry, radiological, ultrasonographic and ECG findings, as well as in histological examination of kidneys were observed. All these changes are considered as relevant and in our view, could be utilized for the proper diagnostics of this pathological st...

We report a case of bilateral fracturing of the femoral neck in a patient with renal osteodystrophy who was treated by means of osteosynthesis. In this type of patient, there is a need to remain watchful for the possibility of occurrences of spontaneous fracturing of the femoral neck, even if the initial radiographic examination is normal.

The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH), which is important for maintaining calcium homeostasis. Parathyroid gland hyperplasia and subsequent hyperparathyroidism can occur secondary to chronic renal failure in dogs, resulting in significant alterations in calcium metabolism. Renal secondary hyperparathyroidism is a complex, multifactorial syndrome that involves changes in circu...

An 81-yr-old African-American woman with endstage kidney disease (ESKD) who has been on hemodialysis for 10 yr seeks a consultation with you. Her primary physician obtained a dual-energy xray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan and asked her to discuss the results with her nephrologist for further management. She is diagnosed with osteoporosis based on her T-scores of 5.1 (AP spine), 4.1 (left femoral n...

The bone and mineral complications associated with renal failure are numerous—hyperparathyroidism, adynamic bone disease, aluminum bone disease, acidosis, b2-microglobulin amyloidosis, gonadal deficiencyassociated osteopenia, and posttransplant osteoporosis. Renal osteodystrophy is the generic term generally used to describe the skeletal complications of renal failure. Renal osteodystrophy enco...