This article deals with themolecular dynamics simulation of open systems that can exchange energy andmatter with a reservoir; the physics of the reservoir and its interactions with the system are described by themodel introduced by Bergmann and Lebowitz (PGBergmann and J L Lebowitz 1955 Phys. Rev. 99 578). Despite its conceptual appeal, themodel did not gain popularity in thefield of molecular ...

Stochastic simulation is a popular approach for the quantification of reservoir heterogeneity. From the geological viewpoints, however, the role of reservoir geology in stochastic models is diminishing in recent years. This paper reviews the major characteristics of the stochastic models, and geological knowledge is identified as the major missing element in the current practices of the simulat...