In this paper, the approximation of nonlinear systems using unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is discussed, and the conditions for the convergence of the UKF are derived. The detection of faults from residuals generated by the UKF is presented. As fault detection often reduced to detecting irregularities in the residuals, such as the mean, the local approach, a powerful statistical technique to det...

The asymptotic theory of the residual empirical process of autoregressions with an intercept is developed. In contrast to situations without intercept the asymptotic distribution does not depend on the location of the characteristic roots. This is important in applications, as the question of the distribution of the innovations then can be addressed without having to locate the characteristic r...

Non-volatile residuals of newly formed atmospheric particles in the boreal forest M. Ehn, T. Petäjä, W. Birmili, H. Junninen, P. Aalto, and M. Kulmala Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Physical Sciences, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany Received: 11 September 2006 – Accepted:...

We give a concise introduction to some recent developments of Krylov subspace methods (in particular, the method of minimal residuals) and tendencies in the design and analysis of good preconditioners.

Results of a simulation study of the fit of data to an estimated parametric model are reported. Three particular models including the two-parameter normal and exponential distributions, and the simple linear regression model are considered. A number of scaled versions of the least squares residuals from the regression model, and quantities that may be called residuals from the other two models ...

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cleaning procedures for air-abraded zirconia after contamination with two silicone disclosing agents. Air-abraded zirconia ceramic specimens (IPS e.max ZirCAD) were contaminated with either GC Fit Checker white or GC Fit Checker II. Untreated zirconia specimens were used as control. Afterwards the surfaces were cleaned either with water...

This research was conducted to develop flowable slurry containing fibrous residuals from pulp and paper mills. Two types of flowable slurry containing ASTM Class C fly ash were produced: fly ash slurry and sandy slurry. Often, the fly ash slurry made without fibrous residuals showed a tendency to set rapidly, and become unworkable. When the cement-to-fly ash ratio was increased to extend the ti...

Molybdenum (Mo) content of water treatment residuals (WTRs) was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) to evaluate suitability for land application under state regulatory policies that limit Mo to 18 mg kg-1. Samples of WTR were collected from 32 Pennsylvania facilities that employ aluminum salts, ferric chloride, and/or polymers for coagulation. The mea...