Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common autoimmune disorder, whose diagnosis and study often relies on the extraction of biomarkers from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Manual segmentation of MS lesions suffers from large intraand inter-rater differences, whereas automatic methods promise reproducibility and enhanced consistency, especially for tracking the disease progress over time. To te...

We investigated a patient who developed multiple sclerosis (MS) during treatment with the CTLA4-blocking antibody ipilimumab for metastatic melanoma. Initially he showed subclinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes (radiologically isolated syndrome). Two courses of ipilimumab were each followed by a clinical episode of MS, 1 of which was accompanied by a massive increase of MRI activity...

Background: Quantitative Magnetization Transfer Imaging (QMTI) is often used to quantify the myelin content in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions and normal appearing brain tissues. Also, automated classifiers such as artificial neural networks (ANNs) can significantly improve the identification and classification processes of MS clinical datasets.Objective: We classified patients with relapsing-r...

several mri contrast agents (cas) are used in medical diagnosis that gadolinium (gd3+) is the most widely used as contrast agents. unfortunately, its toxicity is due to its inefficiency. in this review, we discuss about the ability of spions in mri and application in multiple sclerosis diagnosis. superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (spions) such as magnetite nanoparticles are used as goo...

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system that predominantly affects the optic nerves and the spinal cord. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has an increasingly important role in differentiating NMOSD from other inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system, particularly multiple sclerosis (MS). Specific antibodies...

A 35-year-old female with positive anamnesis of COVID-19 infection presented a seven-day history headache along tingling and numbness involving the right lower limb visual disturbance on side her vision. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain C-spine were consistent acute demyelinating lesions. However, MAGNIMS criteria for multiple sclerosis diagnosis not met, and, subsequently, clinically iso...

Previous authors have shown that the transverse relaxivity R(2)* and frequency shifts that characterize gradient echo signal decay in magnetic resonance imaging are closely associated with the distribution of iron and myelin in the brain's white matter. In multiple sclerosis, iron accumulation in brain tissue may reflect a multiplicity of pathological processes. Hence, iron may have the unique ...

human mesenchymal stem cell (msc) can be isolated from bone marrow (bm) and differentiated into multiple lineages. these properties make them promising tools in cell and gene therapy. up to now, no definite therapeutic intervention for late stages of multiple sclerosis (ms) has been found. we decided to inject ms patients with autologous expanded msc. five patients participated in this ongoing ...

this paper introduces a novel methodology for the segmentation of brain ms lesions in mri volumes using a new clustering algorithm named scpfcm.  scpfcm uses membership, typicality and spatial information to cluster each voxel. the proposed method relies on an initial segmentation of ms lesions in t1-w and t2-w images by applying scpfcm algorithm, and the t1 image is then used as a mask and is ...