We previously reported that RO(+) expression correlated with increased mutation, activation, and selection among human germinal center (GC) B cells. Here, we subdivided human tonsillar B cells, including IgD(-)CD38(+) GC B cells, into different fractions based on RB expression. Although each subset contained RB(+) cells, when used as an intrasubset marker, differential RB expression effectively...

Unregulated FGF signaling affects endochondral ossification and long bone growth, causing several genetic forms of human dwarfism. One major mechanism by which FGFs regulate endochondral bone growth is through their inhibitory effect on chondrocyte proliferation. Because mice with targeted mutations of the retinoblastoma (Rb)-related proteins p107 and p130 present severe endochondral bone defec...

How animals coordinate gene expression in response to starvation is an outstanding problem closely linked to aging, obesity, and cancer. Newly hatched Caenorhabditis elegans respond to food deprivation by halting development and promoting long-term survival (L1 diapause), thereby providing an excellent model for the study of starvation response. Through a genetic search, we have discovered that...

PURPOSE To improve the outcomes of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), there is an urgent need for more effective therapies and approaches that individualize specific treatments for patients with CRPC. These studies compared the novel taxane cabazitaxel with the previous generation docetaxel, and aimed to determine which tumors are most likely to respond. EXPERIMENTAL D...

We exploit the pronounced and persistent low salinity layer in Doubtful Sound, southwest New Zealand, as a natural experimental system with sharp environmental gradients in which to study physical versus biological control of element incorporation into biogenic carbonate. Mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis transplanted to cages in the low salinity layer and saline layer in inner, mid and outer f...

Purpose Endothelial dysfunction is the earliest abnormality in the development of coronary atherosclerosis. Rubidium-82 (82 Rb) is a generator-produced positron emission tomography (PET) myocardial perfusion tracer that is becoming more widely used. We aimed to develop a method for quantitative assessment of coronary endothelial function using the myocardial blood flow (MBF) response during a c...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding endogenous RNA molecules that play important roles in various biological processes. This study examined microRNA profiles of Laodelphax striatellus using the small RNA libraries derived from virus free (VF) and rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) infected (RB) insects. A total of 59 mature miRNAs (46 miRNA families) were identified as conserved insect...

The paradigm for the control of feeding behavior has changed significantly. Research has shown that leptin, in the presence of CCK, may mediate the control of short-term food intake. This interaction between CCK and leptin occurs at the vagus nerve. In the present study, we aimed to characterize the interaction between CCK and leptin in the vagal primary afferent neurons. Single neuronal discha...