the anterior cruciate ligament (acl) is composed of two bundles, which work together to provide both antero-posterior and rotatory stability of the knee. understanding the anatomy and function of the acl plays a key role in management of patients with acl injury. anatomic acl reconstruction aims to restore the function of the native acl. femoral and tibial tunnels should be placed in their anat...

Electrical stimulation has been used for over 25 years to restore breathing to patients with high quadriplegia causing respiratory paralysis and patients with central alveolar hypoventilation. Three groups have developed electrical pacing systems for long-term support of respiration in humans. These systems consist of electrodes implanted on the phrenic nerves, connected by leads to a stimulato...

A number of research groups are developing electrical implants that can be attached directly to the retina in an attempt to restore vision to patients suffering from retinal degeneration. However, despite promising results in animal experiments, there are still several major obstacles to overcome before retinal prostheses can be used clinically.

OBJECTIVE RESTORE was a randomized, partially placebo-controlled exploratory study evaluating multiple sclerosis (MS) disease activity during a 24-week interruption of natalizumab. METHODS Eligible patients were relapse-free through the prior year on natalizumab and had no gadolinium-enhancing lesions on screening brain MRI. Patients were randomized 1:1:2 to continue natalizumab, to switch to...

The Earth’s magnetosphere is permanently influenced by the solar wind. When supersonic and superalfvenic plasma flow interacts with magnetosphere, magnetosheath region formed, which filled shocked turbulent plasma. Varying SW parameters influence mechanisms of formation this boundary layer, including dynamics turbulence behind bow shock. effect wind on development in was demonstrated recently b...

An erosion hazard index methodology (EHIM) was developed for assessing stream erosion. The index of stream erosion is designed as a management tool. Assessing stream erosion involves consideration of a range of aspects of streams and a value judgment about a desirable state. The assessment of the erosion indicators of streams was based on a state-wide assessment of physical stream condition. A ...

Streams are acyclic directed subgraphs of the logical $ow graph of a proof representing bundles of paths with the same origin and the same end. The notion of stream is used to describe the evolution of proofs during cut-elimination in purely algebraic terms. The algebraic and combinatorial properties of $ow graphs emerging from our analysis serve to elucidate logical phenomena. However, the ful...

Environmental DNA (eDNA) has recently been used for detecting the distribution of macroorganisms in various aquatic habitats. In this study, we applied an eDNA method to estimate the distribution of the Japanese clawed salamander, Onychodactylus japonicus, in headwater streams. Additionally, we compared the detection of eDNA and hand-capturing methods used for determining the distribution of O....

Input–output analysts are often confronted with requests for impacts assessments for economic shocks that stretch uncomfortably the assumptions of standard input–output modeling. This paper presents an approach to confronting a subset of these challenges straightforwardly in a way that ameliorates some of the more restrictive input– output assumptions, maintains the inter–industry detail of the...

Inspired by a construction of Escardó, Lawson, and Simpson, we give a general construction of C-generated objects in a topological construct. When C consists of exponentiable objects, the resulting category is Cartesian-closed. This generalizes the familiar construction of compactly-generated spaces, and we apply this to Krishnan’s categories of streams and prestreams, as well as to Haucourt st...