Phytoplasmas are unculturable, phytopathogenic bacteria that cause economic losses worldwide. As unculturable micro-organisms, phytoplasma taxonomy has been based on the use of the 16S rRNA-encoding gene to establish 16Sr groups and subgroups based on the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern resulting from the digestion of amplicon (in vitro) or sequence (in silico) with seve...

We established polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and diagnostic PCR based on cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) barcodes of Bungarus multicinctus, genuine Jinqian Baihua She (JBS), and adulterant snake species. The PCR-RFLP system utilizes the specific restriction sites of SpeI and BstEII in the COI sequence of B. multicinctus to allow its cleavage ...

This work aimed to identify the species distribution of common clinical and environmental isolates of black Aspergilli based on simple restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the β-tubulin gene. A total of 149 clinical and environmental strains of black Aspergilli were collected and subjected to preliminary morphological examination. Total genomic DNAs were extracted, and PC...

AIM To analyze the effect of TLR-9 (-1486 T>C) and TLR-9 (C>T) gene polymorphisms both at TLR-9 levels and together with their sepsis parameters. In this regard, the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique was used in order to detect TLR-9 gene polymorphisms, whereas the ELISA technique was used to analyze TLR-9 serum levels in 80 sepsis patients ...

Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is a parasitic zoonosis with worldwide distribution. The present study investigated the prevalence of T. gondii in dogs in Zhanjiang city, southern China, using both serological and molecular detection. A total of 364 serum samples and 432 liver tissue samples were collected from the slaughter house between December 2012 and January 2013 and were exam...

Studies on associations of various polymorphisms in xenobiotic metabolizing genes with different cancers including acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) are mixed and inconclusive. The current study analyzed the relationship between polymorphisms of phase I xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, cytochromes P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and CYP2D6 and childhood ALL in Kashmir, India. We recruited 200 confirmed ALL...

Soil fungal community structures are often highly heterogeneous even among samples taken from small field plots. Sample pooling is widely used in order to overcome this heterogeneity, however, no objective criteria have yet been defined on how to determine the number of samples to be pooled for representatively profiling a field plot. In the present study PCR/RFLP and T-RFLP analysis of fungal ...

Cytochrome P450IIE1 is responsible for the activation of carcinogenic N-nitrosamines, benzene, urethane, and other low-molecular-weight compounds. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PstI and RsaI restriction enzymes) have been identified in the cytochrome P450IIE1 transcription regulatory region that may affect expression. This study describes the PstI and RsaI polymorphisms in differen...