BACKGROUND Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7, the causative agent of hemorrhagic colitis and the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), produces long bundles of type IV pili (TFP) called hemorrhagic coli pili (HCP). HCP are capable of mediating several phenomena associated with pathogenicity: i) adherence to human and bovine epithelial cells; ii) invasion of epithelial cells; iii) hem...

In the centrosymmetric title compound, C(18)H(28)Br(2)O(2), the alkyl chains adopt a fully extended all-trans conformation and each of them is almost planar. In addition, the alkyl chains are coplanar with the benzene ring. Inter-molecular Br⋯Br inter-actions [3.410 (3) Å] are present, resulting in a one-dimensional supra-molecular architecture.

This work generalizes the one-step model previously developed on fccbcc martensitic transformations to the larger family of phase transitions in the fcc-bcc-hcp system. The angular distortive matrices are calculated for the bccfcc, bcchcp and fcchcp transitions, and for fccfcc mechanical twinning. The analytical expressions of the continuous atomic displacements, lattice distortion and lat...

BACKGROUND The only treatment for celiac disease (CeD) is a lifelong gluten-free diet (GFD). The restrictive nature of the GFD makes adherence a challenge. As an integral part of CeD management, multiple professional organizations recommend regular follow-up with a healthcare provider (HCP). Many CeD patients also participate in patient advocacy groups (PAGs) for education and support. Previous...

There is a striking contrast between the persistence of the spores of Bacillus anthracis in the soils of subtropical countries and the poor survival of the organism in soil of Great Britain. This is in spite of the constant re-infection of the soil here through the extensive reliance of British agriculture on dried bone fertilizers. An investigation has been undertaken into the effect of temper...

Two new loci found in one strain of Neurospora crassa (P2604) collected in Malaya are related to the meiotic drive system Spore killer Sk-2. Sk-2 was found in Neurospora intermedia and introgressed into N. crassa. P2604 showed high resistance to killing when crossed to Sk-2. This resistance was found to be linked to, but not allelic to, resistance locus r(Sk-2) on LGIIIL. Analysis showed that t...

Concomitant morphological and molecular analyses have led to major breakthroughs in the taxonomic organization of the phylum Glomeromycota. Fungi in this phylum are known to form arbuscular mycorrhiza, and so far three classes, five orders, 14 families and 29 genera have been described. Sensulato, spore formation in 10 of the arbuscular mycorrhiza-forming genera is exclusively glomoid, one is g...

The terminal differentiation of Dictyostelium discoideum cells plated as monolayers with cyclic AMP is dramatically affected by developmental buffer conditions. High pH and addition of weak bases induces spore differentiation while low pH and weak acids favour stalk cell formation. In order to analyse the timing and nature of this regulation we have raised and characterized an anti-stalk serum ...

Amoebae of sporogenous mutants of Dictyostelium discoideum can differentiate into stalk cells and spores in the absence of normal morphogenesis when spread on agar containing cyclic-AMP. The efficiency of differentiation is improved when the amoebae are incubated as submerged monolayers in plastic petri dishes. Under these conditions spore formation is density dependent and hence requires some ...

Some years ago it was found that Bacillus subtilis sporulated more profusely in Bacto-peptone broth when a small quantity of activated charcoal was added to the medium. Further studies revealed that although the charcoal was removed from the medium prior to inoculation, the percentage of cells sporulating during short incubation periods was still appreciably greater than in untreated Bacto-pept...