Residual soils result from chemical weathering, so their characteristics depend on environmental factors, in addition to origin, topography, drainage and geological age. In the unsaturated condition, behavior of is conditioned by suction, which refers state soil under reduced pressure. The aim this study compare water retention curve fitting equations tropical through filter paper technique ana...

BACKGROUND Surgical scarring on the face and disrupted anatomy in the medial canthal area following external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) can be avoided by an endonasal approach. This study examined the outcome of direct visualization endonasal DCR, performed by young surgeons and residents. METHODS A retrospective case series of 75 consecutive endonasal DCRs performed under direct visualizati...

BACKGROUND Removal of instrumentation is often recommended as part of treatment for spinal infections, but studies have reported eradication of infection even with instrumentation retention by using serial débridements and adjuvant antibiotic pharmacotherapy. We sought to determine the effect of instrumentation retention or removal on outcomes in children with spinal infections. METHODS We re...