5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a key regulator of muscle contraction in parasitic flatworms. In Schistosoma mansoni, the myoexcitatory action of 5-HT is effected through activation of a serotonergic GPCR (Sm.5HTRL), prioritizing pharmacological characterization of this target for anthelmintic drug discovery. Here, we have examined the effects of several aporphine alkaloids on the signaling activ...

The commonly reported gastrointestinal side effects that occur with erythromycin are related to its prokinetic action on the gut, mediated, at least in part, by its motilin receptor stimulating activity. This action may be of clinical use in conditions associated with gastrointestinal hypomotility such as diabetic gastroparesis and intestinal pseudo-obstruction, although further work needs to b...

CLINICAL BACKGROUND A 71-year-old male with 50-year history of Crohn's disease was evaluated for acute onset of dizziness and slurred speech. Blood ethanol levels were elevated despite abstinence from alcohol for over 30 years. CT enterography demonstrated massive dilation of the small bowel with anastomotic stricture. DISCUSSION Auto-brewery syndrome may be considered in a patient with chron...

Japanese macaques bred indoor for laboratory use often show chronic anorexia and intermittent vomiting. In some of our macaques gastric air was observed on physical examination, and we suspected abnormality of gastric motility. We therefore performed contrast radiographic examinations of the gastrointestinal tract without anesthesia of 8 macaques with gastrointestinal symptoms and 9 asymptomati...

Gallstone disease is a gastrointestinal that results from the dysfunction of cholesterol, bile, and bilirubin metabolism. Gallstones in gallbladder are common form through cholelithiasis. They can also grow biliary ducts choledocholithiasis. In industrial countries, gallstone has increased prevalence affects up to 20% adult population. Its major risk factors female gender, age, obesity, type 2 ...

Heifer performance, diet composition, and forage composition were compared during rotational and continuous grazing of mixed pasture (alfalfa, tall fescue, orchardgrass). One hundred eighteen yearling heifers were used to compare the three grazing systems during 2 yr. Treatments included continuous (CONT), 6-paddock rotational (6-PADD), and 11-paddock rotational grazing (11-PADD). Rotational pa...

The objective of this study was to assess feed intake and digesta passage characteristics in five Blackhead ewes fed hay ad libitum during pregnancy [I: d 60-80 post conceptionem (p conc); II: d 105-125 p conc; III: d 128-148 p conc] and lactation [IV: d 10-30 post partum (pp); V: d 35-55 pp]. During pregnancy, feed intake and rumination activity increased. The rumen fluid volume and the daily ...

The current study aims to investigate the effect of food particles on ruminants' digestibility. Among the ruminants, the size of the nutritional particles is regarded as one of the most significant factors for the digestibility and absorption of the nutritional materials. Also, the size of the nutritional materials has a significant effect on the chewing process which ultimately leads to the ef...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Although probiotics have been extensively studied in irritable bowel syndrome, data on the impact of probiotics on chronic constipation are scarce. We aimed to evaluate the effects of kefir, which is a probiotic fermented milk product, on the symptoms, colonic transit, and bowel satisfaction scores of patients with chronic constipation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty consecutive...

Four primiparous Holstein-Friesian cows (518 kg average BW) with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used to examine voluntary intake of direct cut (DC) or wilted (W) grass silage in relation to ruminal characteristics and chewing behavior. Dry matter content of the silages was 17.0 and 38.1%, concentrate DM intake was restricted to 5.0 and 5.3 kg/d, and voluntary DM intake from silages averaged...