The reversibility of the transfer energy from magnetic field to surrounding plasma during reconnection is examined. Trajectories test particles in an analytic model fields demonstrate that irreversibility associated with separatrix crossings and regions weaker field. Inclusion a guide increases degree reversibility. Full kinetic simulations particle-in-cell code support these results while time...

introduction: percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (ptca) is an effective method for revascularizing of stenotic coronary vessels. lack of response to this treatment, either in symptomatic or asymptomatic patients, is usually due to incomplete revascularization, restenosis, and/or irreversibility of myocardial perfusion. introduction of a noninvasive method with high predictive value ...

Reversibility is a widely accepted principle in physics, according to which, the microscopic laws governing the dynamics of the physical nature can hypothetically be reversed to let the system run backward in time. Reversible cellular automata (CA) have been extensively studied as convenient tools for modeling physical systems, whenever capturing the microscopic reversibility is desirable (see ...

BACKGROUND Bronchial variability in COPD patients may be a phenotypic feature associated with clinical characteristics and differential treatment response. We analyzed whether symptoms, quality of life, and exercise capacity varied in COPD patients as a function of bronchodilator test results, and compared responses to an exercise program. METHODS A positive bronchodilator test result was def...