Typical U.S. children use their knowledge of letters' names to help learn the letters' sounds. They perform better on letter sound tests with letters that have their sounds at the beginnings of their names, such as v, than with letters that have their sounds at the ends of their names, such as m, and letters that do not have their sounds in their names, such as h. We found this same pattern amo...

We describe an unconventional line of attack in our quest to teach machines how to rap battle by improvising hip hop lyrics on the fly, in which a novel recursive bilingual neural network, TRAAM, implicitly learns soft, context-dependent generalizations over the structural relationships between associated parts of challenge and response raps, while avoiding the exponential complexity costs that...

Although a majority of studies support the notion that formally similar primes facilitate target processing, recent research has shown inhibition effects in some circumstances, particularly with high-frequency targets. The present studies focused on an explanation of this effect provided by a recent phonological competition model. Lexical decision results using rhyming primes indicate that the ...

The effect of long-term knowledge upon performance in short-term memory tasks was examined for children from 5 to 10 years of age. The emergence of a lexicality effect, in which familiar words were recalled more accurately than unfamiliar words, was found to depend upon the nature of the memory task. Lexicality effects were interpreted as reflecting the use of redintegration, or reconstruction ...

Three experiments examined the lateralization of lexical codes in auditory word recognition. In Experiment 1 a word rhyming with a binaurally presented cue word was detected faster when the cue and target were spelled similarly than when they were spelled differently. This orthography effect was larger when the target was presented to the right ear than when it was presented to the left ear. Ex...

RG, a patient with probable Alzheimer's disease, showed a severe impairment in nonword reading. RG's word reading was intact, for example, as demonstrated by her scores in standardised reading tasks, which were comparable to those of normal controls. No phonological impairment was apparent in speech production and comprehension. Moreover, RG performed well in a series of phonological tasks (e.g...

The subject of the study is real and probable connections Aquitanian (and in particular Poitevin) poetry High Middle Ages with traditions early Medieval Celtic Welsh) literature. A narrower topic research was influence Welsh poems form Englyns on samples Guillaume IX's poetry, primarily forms englyn milwr penfyr. An additional metric features these Englyns. At same time, a broader possible orig...

The period of French domination left an important mark on the later history English literature, which, in some cases, is more common with artistic devices and style literature Norman than study Anglo-Saxon from which it was artificially divorced. conquest conditioned certain specific features language development. main one spread three languages Kingdom England – among ruling class, broad masse...

This paper describes the development and normalization of a computerized word recognition test for speakers of the Russian language: the Russian Picture Identification Task (RPIT). The test uses a picture-pointing response, in which a patient selects, on a computer screen, a picture corresponding to a target word from a foil of four rhyming alternatives. The auditory portion of the test is reco...

Phonological awareness, knowledge that speech is composed of syllables and phonemes, is critical for learning to read. Phonological awareness precedes and predicts successful transition from language to literacy, and weakness in phonological awareness is a leading cause of dyslexia, but the brain basis of phonological awareness for spoken language in children is unknown. We used functional magn...