This study presents results from detailed experiments of the two-phase pressurized flow behavior during the rapid filling of a large-scale pipeline. The physical scale of this experiment is close to the practical situation in many industrial plants. Pressure transducers, water level meters, thermometers, void fraction meters and flow meters were used to measure the two-phase unsteady flow dynam...

OBJECT To compare the safety and efficacy of rigid ureteroscopic lithotripsy (rigid URSL) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in treating large proximal ureteral stones. METHODS A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases was performed to find out relevant studies. After literature screening according to the predetermined inclusion and exclusion c...

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the treatment of choice for patients with renal calculi ≥ 2 cm as well as larger lower pole calculi [1,2]. The armamentarium of specialized rigid and flexible nephroscopes and powerful lithotripters allow for greater stone-free rates in the treatment of patients with large stone burdens [3]. However, in comparison to shockwave lithotripsy and ureteroscopy,...

Severe rigid curves pose a considerable challenge to the treating spine surgeon. In our practice, approximately 30%-40% of patients with scoliosis present late with severe rigid scoliosis (>90° and <30% correction on bending films). Controversy still exists with regard to the ideal surgical strategy for correcting these rigid curves. Rigid scoliosis often presents in the form of either sharp an...

Cent eur J urol 2013; 66: 446 10.5173/ceju.2013.04.art15 The surgical management of urinary stone disease has developed over recent years; treatment options include ESWL, percutaneous nephrolithotomy and ureterorenoscopy (rigid or flexible). The 2013 edition [1] of the European Association of Urology Guidelines on Urolithiasis indicates that laparoscopic kidney stone surgery should be considere...