In this review, the new solar water treatment technologies, including desalination in two direct and indirect methods, are comprehensively presented. Recent advances applications of five major technologies include solar-powered humidification–dehumidification, multi-stage flash desalination, multi-effect RO, stills. Each technology’s productivity, energy consumption, production costs Also, comm...

Observing the nanoporous structure inside membranes has been one of greatest challenges in membrane research, and many recent studies have employed positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, among other methods, to gain structural insights. In this report, we demonstrate significant potential Raman spectroscopy for investigating under situ conditions. Sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) ce...

Advances in highly permeable reverse osmosis (RO) membranes have enabled desalting operations, in which it is practically feasible for the applied pressure to approach the osmotic pressure of the exit brine stream. However, energy cost remains a major contributor to the total cost of water produced by RO membrane desalination. Reduction of the overall cost of water production represents a major...

This paper describes the development of a decision support system (DSS) for evaluating membrane restoration strategy. The engine DSS is digital twin (DT), virtual representation wear (degradation) and elements in reverse osmosis (RO) pressure vessel. basis DT mathematical model that an RO vessel as novel multi-component which wear-states individual (components) are quantified can be swapped or ...

Critical flux detection in a silica scaling RO system Lisitsin, D., Hasson, D. and Semiat, R. Desalination 186, 311-318, 2006 Reverse osmosis desalination has achieved prominence as the most cost effective desalting technology. The objective of the present paper was to develop adequate tools for diagnosing malfunctioning of the generally adopted spiral wound module design. Efforts were undertak...

Couplings of forward osmosis (FO) with reverse (RO) or membrane distillation (MD) are investigated at the water-energy nexus. The treatment low and hypersaline feed solutions was assessed, followed by discussion most effective hybrid scheme for different conditions. Two FO configurations presented, suggesting potential applicability a versatile multi-stage approach treating low-saline wastewate...