introduction: it is essential for clinicians to have knowledge about root canal configuration, although its morphology varies largely in different ethnicities and even in different individuals within the same ethnic group. the current study reviewed the root canal configuration of root canals in mandibular first and second premolars among iranian population based on independent epidemiological ...

introduction an in vitro study was performed to determine the number and the type of root canals of mandibular incisor teeth in an iranian population. methods and materials sixty eight mandibular incisor teeth were immersed in india ink decalcified and cleared. results it was found that 55.9% of the teeth had two canals that in 51.5% of them the canals merged into one canal before exiting the t...

AIM To observe the morphology of the root canal system of the maxillary first molar mesiobuccal root using micro computed tomography and compare it to current canal classifications. METHODOLOGY Twenty mesiobuccal roots were resected from randomly selected extracted human maxillary first molar teeth and prepared for scanning using a SkyScan micro CT scanner (SkyScan 1172 X-ray microtomograph, ...

We investigated the role of ethylene and auxin in regulating the growth and morphology of roots during mechanical impedance by developing a new growing system and using the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The Arabidopsis seedlings grown horizontally on a dialysis membrane-covered agar plate encountered adequate mechanical impedance as the roots showed characteristic ethylene phe...

Direct observation of root growth in woody seedlings is possible using a ’minirhizotron’. Root growth in this device occurs almost exclusively at the interface between the substrate and the lower, transparent, rhizotron wall. This method provides a better picture of root morphology and development, but reduces a threedimensional root system to a plane. Root growth is generally observed every 2n...

Background Successful dental root canal treatments require a complete knowledge of dental anatomy and root canal morphology. Materials and Methods One hundred and forty-five cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were used to assess the anatomy and morphology of mandibular premolars based on Vertucci's classifications in a defined group of dental patients in Iran. The number of roots and...

Root traits vary enormously among plant species but we have little understanding of how this variation affects their functioning. Of central interest is how root traits are related to plant resource acquisition strategies from soil. We examined root traits of 33 woody species from northeastern US forests that form two of the most common types of mutualisms with fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM...

Resource exploitation of patches is influenced not simply by the rate of root production in the patches but also by the lifespan of the roots inhabiting the patches. We examined the effect of sustained localized nitrogen (N) fertilization on root lifespan in four tree species that varied widely in root morphology and presumed foraging strategy. The study was conducted in a 12-year-old common ga...

—Numerous authors have reported on the importance of the number of firstorder lateral roots (FOLR) when evaluating the morphological quality of nursery hardwood seedlings. Studies have shown that seedlings with a greater quantity of FOLR outperform seedlings with a lesser quantity of FOLR in the field. However, the FOLR measure may be limited in its ability to quantify root system morphology. A...