We introduce an algebra H consisting of difference-reflection operators and multiplication operators that can be considered as a q = 1 analogue of Sahi's double affine Hecke algebra related to the affine root system of type (C ∨ 1 , C1). We study eigenfunctions of a Dunkl-Cherednik-type operator in the algebra H, and the corresponding Fourier transforms. These eigenfunctions are non-symmetric v...

The arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are involved in a range of plant processes, including cell differentiation and expansion. Here, barley root hair mutants and their wild-type parent cultivars were used, as a model system, to reveal the role of AGPs in root hair development. The treatment of roots with different concentrations of βGlcY (a reagent which binds to all classes of AGPs) inhibited o...

While most temperate broad-leaved tree species form ectomycorrhizal (EM) symbioses, a few species have arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM). It is not known whether EM and AM tree species differ systematically with respect to fine root morphology, fine root system size and root functioning. In a species-rich temperate mixed forest, we studied the fine root morphology and biomass of three EM and three AM...

External apical root resorption is a common phenomenon associated with orthodontic treatment. The factors relevant to root resorption can be divided into biological and mechanical factors. Some mechanical and biological factors might be associated with an increased or decreased risk of root resorption during orthodontic treatment. For mechanical factors, the extensive tooth movement, root torqu...

Many clinicians use ultrasonics for root-end preparations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate resected root-end surfaces of bilaterally matched human teeth for cracks before and after ultrasonic root-end preparation. Twenty matched pairs of extracted single rooted teeth were divided into two experimental groups. In group 1, root-end resection was performed on uninstrumented teeth. In gro...

Root and lower stem insects cause significant damage to conifers, vector phytopathogenic fungi, and can predispose trees to bark beetle attacks. The development of effective sampling techniques is an important component in managing these cryptic insects. We tested the effects of trap type and stereochemistry of alpha-pinene, in combination with ethanol, on catches of the root colonizing weevils...

BACKGROUND Valve-sparing surgery including the replacement of the sinus of valsalvae were initially meant to be promising approaches in the treatment of acute type A aortic dissection. However, the long-term outcome after valve-sparing aortic root replacement in acute type A dissection is currently the subject of intense debate, and the evidence reported in the literature is sparse. Here we rep...

Long-distance auxin transport was examined in Medicago truncatula and in its supernodulating mutant sunn (super numeric nodules) to investigate the regulation of auxin transport during autoregulation of nodulation (AON). A method was developed to monitor the transport of auxin from the shoot to the root in whole seedlings. Subsequently, the transport was monitored after inoculation of roots wit...

In this paper we introduce the concentration and dilation operators on interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy soft sets of root type which is a generalization of fuzzy set, intuitionistic fuzzy set, interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy set and intuitionistic fuzzy set of root type and establish some properties of these operators. We define Hamming distance between two interval valued intuitionist...

We tested whether a gene regulating nodule number in Medicago truncatula, Super Numeric Nodules (SUNN ), is involved in root architecture responses to carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) and whether this is mediated by changes in shoot-to-root auxin transport. Nodules and lateral roots are root organs that are under the control of nutrient supply, but how their architecture is regulated in response to ...