While the SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) specificity of ANA is low, that of anti-dsDNA autoantibodies is high. The DNA used in the assay must be double stranded: autoantibodies to single-stranded (ss) DNA exist in many diseases and specific to none. The prevalence (70%) of anti-dsDNA autoantibodies is much higherin SLE, giving a higher diagnostic sensitivity than the similarly disease-speci...

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic necroinflammatory disease of the liver characterized by hypergammaglobulinemia, characteristic autoantibodies, association with HLA DR3 or DR4 and a favorable response to immunosuppressive treatment. The etiology is unknown. The detection of non-organ and liver-related autoantibodies remains the hallmark for the diagnosis of the disease in the absence of ...

Background: a metabolic condition characterized by failure in the metabolism of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates that is brought on problems with insulin production. When multiple autoantibodies, such as those against glutamic acid decarboxylase, are present different antigens, type 1 diabetes present. Objective: To estimate Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Autoantibodies assessment HbA1c DM. Met...

It is suggested that the maternal transmission of islet autoantibodies increases the risk of autoimmune diabetes in mice. The aim of this study was to determine whether fetal exposure to islet autoantibodies modified the risk of type 1 diabetes in humans. Islet autoantibodies were measured at birth in 720 offspring of mothers with type 1 diabetes. Offspring were prospectively followed for the d...

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease caused by the autoimmune response against pancreatic β cells. T1D is often complicated with other autoimmune diseases, and anti-islet autoantibodies precede the clinical onset of disease. The most common coexisting organ-specific autoimmune disease in patients with T1D is autoimmune thyroid disease, and its frequency is estimated at ...

Islet cell autoantibodies are strongly associated with the development of type 1 diabetes. The appearance of autoantibodies to one or several of the autoantigens-GAD65, IA-2, or insulin-signals an autoimmune pathogenesis of beta-cell killing. A beta-cell attack may be best reflected by the emergence of autoantibodies dependent on the genotype risk factors, isotype, and subtype of the autoantibo...

OBJECTIVE Sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM), an intractable progressive muscle disease, frequently occurs in older persons. sIBM pathogenesis may involve protein degradation dysfunction and immune abnormalities. Autoantibodies recognizing cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase 1A (cN1A) were found in plasma and serum from sIBM patients. However, whether anti-cN1A autoantibodies play a pathogenic role ...

BACKGROUND Autoantibodies directed against the beta1-adrenergic receptor have been described in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. These autoantibodies exert an agonistic, chronotropic effect on spontaneously beating cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. We studied the effect of such antibodies on beta1-adrenergic receptor expression. METHODS AND RESULTS Cardiomyocytes were incubated with ...

Autoantibodies to enterocyte antigens harmonin (75 kDa USH1C protein) and villin (actin-binding 95 kDa protein) are associated with the Immune dysregulation, Polyendocrinopathy, Enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome. In this study we evaluated the diagnostic value of harmonin and villin autoantibodies in IPEX and IPEX-like syndromes. Harmonin and villin autoantibodies were measured by a novel L...

Serologic identification of circulating autoantibodies has proven useful in the diagnosis of patients with autoimmune disorders. In vitro and in vivo1–5 observations suggest that some autoantibodies are more than just serologic markers; they also participate in the pathogenesis of disease. Shining examples of pathogenic autoantibodies are anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) autoantibod...