The several corresponding servers may send the data concurrently in a circle manner to a specific receiver. For example, data center applications such as Map-Reduce and Search applications are using many-to-one TCP traffic pattern i.e. parallel data delivery. While TCP connection is slow down the concurrent data deliver. The data delivery delay ensured the packet loss and time out in the TCP co...

OBJECTIVE To find the effect of apolactoferrin administration on the middle and inner ears after experimentally induced pneumococcal otitis media. DESIGN Histopathologic and morphometric analysis of the middle and inner ears. SETTING University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. SUBJECTS Ten chinchillas. INTERVENTIONS The middle ear cavities of chinchillas were inoculated bilaterally with type ...

CONCLUSION Successful hearing preservation is possible in individuals with excellent low frequency hearing. This is possible due to the partial insertion of an atraumatic electrode using an atraumatic round window surgical technique. OBJECTIVES This paper describes the round window surgical technique used to preserve excellent low frequency hearing in patients receiving partially inserted MED...

Combined rupture of Reissner's membrane and the round window membrane (double-membrane rupture) as a cause of acute profound sensorineural hearing loss was investigated in guinea pigs. Action potentials (APs) of the cochlear nerve in response to tone pip stimuli (1, 2, 4, 8kHz) were recorded before and after rupture of Reissner's membrane at each turn of the cochlea. Then the round window was p...

OBJECTIVES As indications for cochlear implantation have expanded to include patients with more residual hearing, increasing emphasis has been placed on minimally traumatic electrode insertion. Histopathologic evaluation remains the gold standard for evaluation of cochlear trauma, but advances in imaging techniques have allowed clinicians to determine scalar electrode location in vivo. This rev...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS The purpose of the study was to investigate whether cochlear implantation using the round window approach provided better preservation of residual hearing than the cochleostomy approach. STUDY DESIGN Case-control study. METHODS We designed a case-control study including 40 patients from a tertiary referral center who underwent cochlear implantation surgeries using devi...

HYPOTHESIS This study aimed to evaluate whether there is a difference in the degree of intracochlear trauma when the cochlear implant electrode arrays is inserted through different quadrants of the round window membrane. BACKGROUND The benefits of residual hearing preservation in cochlear implant recipients have promoted the development of atraumatic surgeries. Minimal trauma during electrode...

OBJECTIVE To validate an intracochlear piezoelectric sensor for its ability to detect intracochlear pressure and function as a microphone for a fully implantable cochlear implant. METHODS A polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric pressure sensor was inserted into a human fresh cadaveric round window at varying depths. An external sound pressure stimulus was applied to the external audito...

Traits can provide a window into the mechanisms that maintain coexistence among competing species. Recent theory suggests that competitive interactions will lead to groups, or clusters, of species with similar traits. However, theoretical predictions typically assume complete knowledge of the map between competition and measured traits. These assumptions limit the plausible application of these...

The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment or the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche is normally hypoxic, which maintains HSC quiescence. Paradoxically, transplanted HSCs rapidly proliferate in this niche. Pretransplant myelosuppression results in a substantial rise in oxygen levels in the marrow microenvironment due to reduced cellularity and consequent low oxygen consumption. Therefore, it may be...