In 1996, approximately one quarter of the AIDS prevention budget of the CDC was allocated to HIV testing, predominantly for low-risk populations.1It was their single biggest HIV prevention expenditure. Dr Eric Goosby, then director of the HIV/AIDS Policy Office, argued that this “was not efficient nor effective in picking up HIV-positive people."1 Some dozen years later, the CDC is promulgating...

There is limited understanding of why routine immunization (RI) coverage improves in some settings in Africa and not in others. Using a grounded theory approach, we conducted in-depth case studies to understand pathways to coverage improvement by comparing immunization programme experience in 12 districts in three countries (Ethiopia, Cameroon and Ghana). Drawing on positive deviance or assets ...

This prospective comparative study evaluated a DNA hybridization test (Affirm VPIII) as an alternative to Gram stain for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. We examined vaginal smears from 1,725 pregnant women between the 12th and 36th weeks of gestation with clinical signs of vaginal infection. The DNA hybridization test compared well with Gram stain and can be used as a rapid diagnostic too...

To address Gram stain interpretation proficiency in a satellite/centralized microbiology laboratory paradigm, two programs were devised. In quality assurance program 1, nonmicrobiology technologists at satellite laboratories were required to interpret standardized Gram-stained specimens of clinical material prepared by an experienced microbiologist at a central laboratory. In quality assurance ...

This EEG Guideline incorporates the practice of structuring a report of results obtained during routine adult electroencephalography. It is intended to reflect one of the current practices in reporting an EEG and serves as a revision of the previous guideline entitled "Writing an EEG Report." The goal of this guideline is not only to convey clinically relevant information, but also to improve in...

scopic findingofdermatophytosisof thescalp in theblack race. On thebasis of thedata reported in the literature, itwould therefore seem likely that CH is related to endothrix trichophyton“blackdots”TC inblackchildren.1-3However, the same trichoscopicpicturewasalsoobserved in the Italianwhiteman describedherein. Interestingly, ourpatienthadnaturally curly hair, a characteristic more evident in th...

Specific morphotypic profiles of normal and abnormal vaginal flora, including bacterial vaginosis (BV), were characterized. A prospective study of 350 women yielded concurrent Gram-stain data and clinical assessment (n = 3455 visits). Microbiological profiles were constructed by Gram stain. Eight profile definitions were based on dichotomizing the levels of Lactobacillus, Gardnerella, and curve...

There have been presented many theories concerning the mechanism of Gram stain, and its technique has also been modified by numerous investigators. I found, however, none about the correlation between Hofineister's series and Gram stain being studied as yet. The former is called as•gLyotrophic series•hand is so important in the colloidchemistry and many other biological phenomena. This communic...

Unruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is seldom recognized. Thus it is difficult to know whether the incidence of AAA in the general population is high enough to warrant routine screening at least in men after a certain age. Ultrasound screening studies to evaluate the incidence of AAA have been carried out in several English-speaking and Scandinavian countries. The purpose of this report ...

Antenatal ultrasonography is widely used in pregnancy to assess fetal growth, wellbeing and anatomy. Although ultrasound screening is now an integral part of routine antenatal care, recommendations for the delivery of obstetric ultrasound vary from country to country. A recent survey of English maternity units reported that 100% of women are offered routine mid-trimester fetal anomaly scanning,...