in this article we review an algebraic definition of the gyrogroup and a simplified version of the gyrovector space with two fundamental examples on the open ball of finite-dimensional euclidean space, which are the einstein and möbius gyrovector spaces. we introduce the structure of gyrovector space and the gyroline on the open convex cone of positive definite matrices and see its interest...

A deeper understanding of the milling operation of ball mills helps mineral processing engineers to control and optimize them, and therefore, reduce their consuming power. In this work, the milling operation of ball mills is investigated using two methods, i.e. DEM and combined DEM-SPH. First, a pilot scale ball mill with no lifter is simulated by both methods. Then another pilot scale ball mil...

An instantaneous rigid force model for prediction of cutting forces in ball-end milling of  sculptured surfaces is presented in this paper. A commercially available geometric engine is used to represent the cutting edge, cutter and updated part geometries. The cutter used in this work is an insert type ball-end mill. Intersecting an inclined plane with the cutter ball nose generates the cutting...

The aim of this study was to analyze the score performances football teams competing in 2018-2019 season Turkish Football Federation (TFF) Super League via entropy gray relational analysis, one multi-criteria decision-making methods. In study, eight criteria relation physical and technical qualities (total running distance, sprint getting ball air, shot on target, pass total, crossing into pena...

the ball and beam system is one of the most popular laboratory setups for control education. in this paper, we design a fuzzy pd cascade controller for a ball and beam system using asexual reproduction optimization (aro) technique. the ball & beam system consists of a servo motor, a grooved beam, and a rolling ball. this system utilizes a servo motor to control ball’s position on the beam. chan...

Anatase-to-rutile phase transformation was studied in milled and unmilled samples. Ball milling was carried out in two types of ball mills, planetary and tumbler, with a ball-to-powder ratio of 40:1 over 2-48 hours. First, the unmilled samples were heated in the furnace at various temperatures for different periods of time. The results revealed that the anatase-to-rutile transformation comple...

This investigation concerns the application of profilometry-based indentation plastometry (PIP) to metals with very high hardness, i.e., those yield stresses 1.5–3 GPa. The PIP procedure comprises (a) applying a force an indenter ball, penetrating sample preselected depth, (b) measuring profile indent, and (c) iteratively running finite element method (FEM) model obtain true stress–true strain ...

in this research, cuo spherical-like nanoparticles were synthesized using the planetary ball mill method. the structure, particle size and morphology of the resulting cuo nanoparticles were characterized by xrd (x-ray diffraction), sem (scanning electron microscopy) and saxs (small-angle x-ray scattering) methods. the results of this investigation showed that the smallest particles which were o...