BACKGROUND Nearly a quarter of a million children have acquired HIV, prompting the implementation of new protocols-Option B and B+-for treating HIV+ pregnant women. While efficacy has been demonstrated in randomized trials, there is limited real-world evidence on the impact of these changes. Using longitudinal, routinely collected data we assessed the impact of the adoption of WHO Option B in R...

The diversity and distribution of the amphibians in Rwanda was critically reviewed to provide a reliable species inventory for informed conservation management. checklist amphibian is based on results our own fieldwork, historical records compiled from literature, examination voucher specimens museum collections. A total 62 are recorded, 22 further listed field guides open-access data bases dis...

Laura Apol’s Poetry, Poetic Inquiry and Rwanda: Engaging with the Lives of Others (2021) traces author’s long relationship survivors 1994 Rwanda holocaust in which thousands Tutsi were murdered by their neighbors, examines ways her personal uses poetry for coping painful subject matter became a longitudinal poetic inquiry. This review responds to themes relational inquiry development craft sugg...

Two new species from Rwanda are described utilizing optical and scanning electron microscope observations: Congocepheus rwandensis sp. n. and Congocepheus kayoveae sp. n. are compared to Congocepheus taurus Balogh 1961.

Senator Roméo Dallaire commanded the UN Assistance Mission for Rwanda in 1994. He spoke to Ben Jones about helping combatants after conflict, child soldiers and why writing his books meant "going back to hell".

Chunling Lu and colleagues describe a project for tracking health center financial data in two rural districts of Rwanda, which could be adapted for other low- or middle-income countries. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.